Zoonotic Diseases

Diseases discussed here have a history of use as an agent for biological warfare, either in the U.S. or abroad. Its use may have been experimental or actual, and any detrimental consequences upon humans, animals or the environment may have been intentional or not, depending on the circumstances, the point in time, and the nature of the disease.

Sunday, September 5, 2010

EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS - USA (27): (NEW YORK) HUMAN

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A ProMED-mail post



ProMED-mail is a program of the

International Society for Infectious Diseases





Date: Sat 4 Sep 2010

Source: Syracuse.com, The Post-Standard report [edited]







An adult resident of Onondaga County has been diagnosed with eastern

equine encephalitis, Onondaga County Health Commissioner Cynthia D

Morrow said today [4 Sep 2010]. The Onondaga County Health Department

was notified of the diagnosis by the state, the commissioner said in

a press release. The release gave no information about the infected

resident, except to say that the infected person is hospitalized and

had spent significant time in an area previously known to have

eastern equine encephalitis [virus] activity.



Eastern equine encephalitis, or EEE, is a rare viral infection. There

are only 5-10 cases of EEE reported a year nationwide, Murrow said.

The virus is transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito. The

virus can cause encephalitis, or inflammation of the brain.



The county health department said the initial symptoms, which begin 4

to 10 days after the mosquito bite, can include fever, headache, and

vomiting. Untreated, the illness can progress to altered mental

status, confusion, coma, and death.



"People need to use protection. They need to use insect repellent,"

Murrow said. The health department urges people to wear shoes, socks,

long pants, and long-sleeve shirts when outside for a long period of

time. People should avoid being outside during mosquito feeding times

at dawn and sunset. The use of insect repellent is also encouraged.



The hotbeds of EEE [virus] bearing mosquitoes are in the Cicero, Toad

Harbor, and South Bay swamps near Oneida Lake, Murrow said. 4

mosquito pools collected last week [week ending 27 Aug 2010] on

Island Road tested positive for EEE [virus], according to the

Onondaga County Health Department. Mosquitoes in 2 of the pools are

human biters while mosquitoes in the other 2 pools are primarily bird biters.



[Byline: Robert A Baker]



--

Communicated by:

Ronan Kelly





[ProMED-mail thanks Ronan Kelly for sending in this report. The 1st

equine case was reported on 27 Aug 2010 in neighboring Oswego county

(see ProMED-mail archive no. 20100827.3045), providing a clear

indication that EEE virus transmission was going on in the general

area. Identification of EEE virus in human-biting mosquitoes suggest

that they may be the "bridge" vectors that carry the virus from the

bird virus maintenance or amplification cycle to humans and horses,

which are "dead end" virus hosts.



Unlike the vaccine for equine animals, there is no commercially

available EEE virus vaccine for human use, so avoidance of mosquito

bites is the only preventive measure people can take.



Additional public health information about EEE from the New York

State Department of Health can be accessed at





A map showing the location of Onondaga County in central New York

State can be accessed at

.

A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of New

York State in eastern USA can be accessed at

. - Mod.TY]



[see also:

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (26): (MI, FL) equine, human 20100901.3115

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (25): (MA) human 20100830.3089

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (24): (NY, MI) equine, cervid 20100827.3045

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (23): (MI) 20100824.2975

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (22): (VA, MA) 20100820.2911

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (21): (GA) equine 20100819.2893

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (20): (FL), fatal 20100818.2871

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (19): (MI) equine, human susp 20100817.2850

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (18): (MA) equine, human 20100816.2836

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (17): (FL) equine 20100815.2813

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (16): (MI) 20100814.2790

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (15): (FL) sentinel avian 20100810.2728

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (14): (FL), equine, sentinel avian

20100807.2691

Eastern equine encephalitis, equine - USA (13) (FL, MA) 20100806.2675

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (12): (MA) 20100803.2620

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (11): (FL) fatal, human, equine 20100731.2569

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (10): (MA, MI) 20100728.2529

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (09): (FL) fatal 20100723.2469

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (08): (LA) 20100716.2374

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (07): (FL) 20100715.2363

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (06): (FL, GA) 20100710.2312

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (05): (FL) 20100708.2274

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (04): (FL) 20100630.2178

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (03): (FL) 20100627.2146

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (02): (FL) sentinel avian 20100623.2101

Eastern equine encephalitis - USA: (FL) 20100527.1755]

...................................dk/ty/mj/dk



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