and here; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16964579
BRUCELLOSIS, SWINE - LATVIA, OIE
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A ProMED-mail post
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
Date: 16 Sept 2010
Source: OIE WAHID (World Animal Health Information Database) Disease
Information 2010; 23(37) [edited]
Brucellosis (_Brucella suis_), Latvia
-------------------------------------
Information received on 15 Sep 2010 from Mr Vinets Veldre, Chief
Veterinary Officer and General Director, Food and Veterinary Service,
Ministry of Agriculture, Riga, Latvia
Summary
Report type: Immediate notification
Start date 31 Aug 2010
Date of 1st confirmation of the event 11 Sep 2010
Report date 15 Sep 2010
Date submitted to OIE 15 Sep 2010
Reason for notification: Reoccurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence February 1994
Manifestation of disease: Clinical disease
Causal agent: Brucella suis
Nature of diagnosis Laboratory (basic), Laboratory (advanced)
This event pertains to a defined zone within the country
New outbreaks
Outbreak 1 Avoti, Talsi, Latvia
Date of start of the outbreak 31 Aug 2010
Outbreak status: Continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: Farm
Species Cattle
Susceptible 31
Cases 0
Deaths 0
Destroyed 0
Slaughtered 0
Species Swine
Susceptible 2055
Cases 8
Deaths 0
Destroyed 3
Slaughtered 0
Epidemiology - Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection;
Unknown or inconclusive
Control measures: Measures applied. Quarantine; Movement control
inside the country; Screening ; Modified stamping out; Vaccination
prohibited; No treatment of affected animals
Measures to be applied - Disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s)
Laboratory name and type: National Reference Laboratory (National laboratory)
Species Swine
Test bacteriological examination
Test date 11 Sep 2010
Result Positive
Species Swine
Test complement fixation test (CFT)
Test date 11 Sep 2010
Result Positive
Future Reporting
The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.
**
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
[Brucellosis is zoonotic disease that can have a significant negative
impact on reproductive capacity on farms. It mainly affects cattle,
sheep, goats and pigs worldwide but also dogs, mice and even murine
species. Infections in feral pigs, bison, elk and European hares also
complicate the eradication picture and pose intermittent risks for
zoonotic transmission.
The Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State
University's College of Veterinary Medicine (see
summarizes the geographic distribution as follows: _Brucella_ species
vary in their geographic distribution. _B. abortus_ is found
worldwide in cattle-raising regions except in Japan, Canada, some
European countries, Australia, New Zealand and Israel, where it has
been eradicated. Eradication from domesticated herds is nearly
complete in the U.S. _B. abortus_ persists in wildlife hosts in some
regions, including the Greater Yellowstone Area of North America.
_B. melitensis_ is particularly common in the Mediterranean. It also
occurs in the Middle East and Central Asia, around the Arabian Gulf
and in some countries of Central America. This organism has been
reported from Africa and India, but it does not seem to be endemic in
northern Europe, North America (except Mexico), Southeast Asia,
Australia or New Zealand.
_B. ovis_ probably occurs in most sheep-raising regions of the world.
It has been reported from Australia, New Zealand, North and South
America, South Africa and many countries in Europe.
In the past, _B. suis_ was found worldwide in swine-raising regions.
This organism has been eradicated from domesticated pigs in the U.S.,
Canada, many European countries and other nations. However, it
persists in wild and/or feral swine populations in some areas,
including the U.S., Europe and Queensland, Australia. Sporadic
outbreaks are reported in domesticated herds or humans due to
transmission from this source. _B. suis_ continues to occur in
domesticated herds in some countries of South and Central America
(including Mexico) and Asia. _B. suis_ biovars 1 and 3 are found
worldwide, but other biovars have a limited geographic distribution.
Biovar 2 occurs in wild boar in much of Europe. Biovar 4 (rangiferine
brucellosis) is limited to the Arctic regions of North America and
Russia including Siberia, Canada and Alaska. Biovar 5 (murine
brucellosis) is found in the former USSR.
According to the OIE WAHID database, _Brucella suis_ has sporadically
caused outbreaks in Europe over the last 5 years. It has occurred
both in commercial and feral swine populations. Armenia had an
outbreak in 2008; Croatia has reported outbreaks yearly since 2006 as
has been the case for the Czech Republic. France reported outbreaks
of _B. suis_ in 2006, 2008, 2009; Germany reported outbreaks in 2008
and 2009 as well as this year. Hungary report outbreaks in 2008 and
2009. Italy reported outbreaks every year including 2010 since 2006.
Romania reported outbreak in 2006 and 2008; while the former Serbia
and Montenegro reported an outbreak in 2006. Finally, both Spain and
Switzerland reported outbreaks in 2009. - Mod.PC]
[see also:
Brucellosis, swine - Germany: (BB), OIE 20100213.0508
Brucellosis, swine hunters - USA (02): (TX) hunters 20090920.3303
2008
----
Brucellosis, porcine - Germany: (MV), serovar 2 20080923.2995
Brucellosis, porcine - Germany: (MV) 20080918.2927
Brucellosis, porcine - Romania: OIE 20081011.3220]
...................pc/ejp/lm
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