Zoonotic Diseases

Diseases discussed here have a history of use as an agent for biological warfare, either in the U.S. or abroad. Its use may have been experimental or actual, and any detrimental consequences upon humans, animals or the environment may have been intentional or not, depending on the circumstances, the point in time, and the nature of the disease.

Friday, September 17, 2010

BRUCELLOSIS, SWINE - LATVIA, OIE

Brucellosis as a biological weapon; http://www.springerlink.com/content/u4174nu585tk3842/
and here; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16964579


BRUCELLOSIS, SWINE - LATVIA, OIE


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Date: 16 Sept 2010

Source: OIE WAHID (World Animal Health Information Database) Disease

Information 2010; 23(37) [edited]







Brucellosis (_Brucella suis_), Latvia

-------------------------------------

Information received on 15 Sep 2010 from Mr Vinets Veldre, Chief

Veterinary Officer and General Director, Food and Veterinary Service,

Ministry of Agriculture, Riga, Latvia



Summary

Report type: Immediate notification

Start date 31 Aug 2010

Date of 1st confirmation of the event 11 Sep 2010

Report date 15 Sep 2010

Date submitted to OIE 15 Sep 2010

Reason for notification: Reoccurrence of a listed disease

Date of previous occurrence February 1994

Manifestation of disease: Clinical disease

Causal agent: Brucella suis

Nature of diagnosis Laboratory (basic), Laboratory (advanced)

This event pertains to a defined zone within the country



New outbreaks

Outbreak 1 Avoti, Talsi, Latvia

Date of start of the outbreak 31 Aug 2010

Outbreak status: Continuing (or date resolved not provided)

Epidemiological unit: Farm

Species Cattle

Susceptible 31

Cases 0

Deaths 0

Destroyed 0

Slaughtered 0



Species Swine

Susceptible 2055

Cases 8

Deaths 0

Destroyed 3

Slaughtered 0



Epidemiology - Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection;

Unknown or inconclusive



Control measures: Measures applied. Quarantine; Movement control

inside the country; Screening ; Modified stamping out; Vaccination

prohibited; No treatment of affected animals

Measures to be applied - Disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s)



Laboratory name and type: National Reference Laboratory (National laboratory)

Species Swine

Test bacteriological examination

Test date 11 Sep 2010

Result Positive



Species Swine

Test complement fixation test (CFT)

Test date 11 Sep 2010

Result Positive



Future Reporting

The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.



**

Communicated by:

ProMED-mail





[Brucellosis is zoonotic disease that can have a significant negative

impact on reproductive capacity on farms. It mainly affects cattle,

sheep, goats and pigs worldwide but also dogs, mice and even murine

species. Infections in feral pigs, bison, elk and European hares also

complicate the eradication picture and pose intermittent risks for

zoonotic transmission.



The Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State

University's College of Veterinary Medicine (see

)

summarizes the geographic distribution as follows: _Brucella_ species

vary in their geographic distribution. _B. abortus_ is found

worldwide in cattle-raising regions except in Japan, Canada, some

European countries, Australia, New Zealand and Israel, where it has

been eradicated. Eradication from domesticated herds is nearly

complete in the U.S. _B. abortus_ persists in wildlife hosts in some

regions, including the Greater Yellowstone Area of North America.



_B. melitensis_ is particularly common in the Mediterranean. It also

occurs in the Middle East and Central Asia, around the Arabian Gulf

and in some countries of Central America. This organism has been

reported from Africa and India, but it does not seem to be endemic in

northern Europe, North America (except Mexico), Southeast Asia,

Australia or New Zealand.



_B. ovis_ probably occurs in most sheep-raising regions of the world.

It has been reported from Australia, New Zealand, North and South

America, South Africa and many countries in Europe.



In the past, _B. suis_ was found worldwide in swine-raising regions.

This organism has been eradicated from domesticated pigs in the U.S.,

Canada, many European countries and other nations. However, it

persists in wild and/or feral swine populations in some areas,

including the U.S., Europe and Queensland, Australia. Sporadic

outbreaks are reported in domesticated herds or humans due to

transmission from this source. _B. suis_ continues to occur in

domesticated herds in some countries of South and Central America

(including Mexico) and Asia. _B. suis_ biovars 1 and 3 are found

worldwide, but other biovars have a limited geographic distribution.

Biovar 2 occurs in wild boar in much of Europe. Biovar 4 (rangiferine

brucellosis) is limited to the Arctic regions of North America and

Russia including Siberia, Canada and Alaska. Biovar 5 (murine

brucellosis) is found in the former USSR.



According to the OIE WAHID database, _Brucella suis_ has sporadically

caused outbreaks in Europe over the last 5 years. It has occurred

both in commercial and feral swine populations. Armenia had an

outbreak in 2008; Croatia has reported outbreaks yearly since 2006 as

has been the case for the Czech Republic. France reported outbreaks

of _B. suis_ in 2006, 2008, 2009; Germany reported outbreaks in 2008

and 2009 as well as this year. Hungary report outbreaks in 2008 and

2009. Italy reported outbreaks every year including 2010 since 2006.

Romania reported outbreak in 2006 and 2008; while the former Serbia

and Montenegro reported an outbreak in 2006. Finally, both Spain and

Switzerland reported outbreaks in 2009. - Mod.PC]



[see also:

Brucellosis, swine - Germany: (BB), OIE 20100213.0508

Brucellosis, swine hunters - USA (02): (TX) hunters 20090920.3303

2008

----

Brucellosis, porcine - Germany: (MV), serovar 2 20080923.2995

Brucellosis, porcine - Germany: (MV) 20080918.2927

Brucellosis, porcine - Romania: OIE 20081011.3220]

...................pc/ejp/lm

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