tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-82844134845957288052024-03-18T22:59:05.559-04:00The New Zoo(Notic) ReviewTHE NEW ZOOnotic REVIEW: Tracking Diseases Shared Between Humans and Animals and Tracing Their Use as Biological Weapons, Past, Present and FutureMz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.comBlogger182125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-11186131407871096302011-10-28T12:45:00.002-04:002011-10-28T12:45:43.871-04:00More EEEEASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS - USA (18): (NEW JERSEY) EQUINE<br />
<br />
<br />
***********************************************************<br />
<br />
A ProMED-mail post<br />
<br />
<http: www.promedmail.org=""><br />
<br />
ProMED-mail is a program of the<br />
<br />
International Society for Infectious Diseases<br />
<br />
<http: www.isid.org=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Date: Thu 27 Oct 2011<br />
<br />
Source: Harnesslink.com [edited]<br />
<br />
<http: article.cgi?id="93471" www.harnesslink.com="" www=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
A 3-year-old horse from Gloucester County was euthanized on 20 Oct<br />
<br />
2011 after contracting eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), a serious,<br />
<br />
mosquito-borne illness in horses.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
"With an increase in the state's mosquito population due to rain<br />
<br />
storms in the last couple of months, horse owners must be vigilant in<br />
<br />
protecting their animals from diseases spread by mosquitoes," said New<br />
<br />
Jersey secretary of agriculture Douglas H Fisher. "Horse owners should<br />
<br />
contact their veterinarians to have their animals vaccinated against<br />
<br />
these illnesses."<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
This deadly disease is easily prevented by vaccination. Effective<br />
<br />
equine vaccines for EEE and another mosquito-borne disease, West Nile<br />
<br />
virus (WNV), are available commercially. Horse owners should contact<br />
<br />
their veterinarians if their horses are not already up-to-date on<br />
<br />
their vaccinations against both EEE and West Nile virus.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Gloucester County stallion's vaccination status against EEE is<br />
<br />
unknown with no report of vaccination in 2011.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
EEE causes inflammation of the brain tissue and has a significantly<br />
<br />
higher risk of death in horses than West Nile virus infection. West<br />
<br />
Nile virus is a viral disease that affects horses' neurological<br />
<br />
systems. The disease is transmitted by mosquito bite. The virus cycles<br />
<br />
between birds and mosquitoes with horses and humans being incidental<br />
<br />
hosts. EEE infections in horses are not a significant risk factor for<br />
<br />
human infection because horses (like humans) are considered to be<br />
<br />
"dead-end" hosts for the virus.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Earlier this month [October 2011], the 1st case of West Nile virus in<br />
<br />
a horse was reported in Monmouth County. The 11-year-old mare was<br />
<br />
treated for the disease.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection reports that the<br />
<br />
exceedingly high levels of precipitation experienced statewide due to<br />
<br />
Hurricane Irene and subsequent rainstorms resulted in much higher than<br />
<br />
normal mosquito populations. They said the immense amount of<br />
<br />
floodwater throughout the state created habitat for those species of<br />
<br />
mosquitoes which utilize semi-permanent, standing water for larval<br />
<br />
development.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
In 2010, New Jersey had 1 case of EEE and 2 cases of equine WNV. All 3<br />
<br />
animals were euthanized. [It is also likely all 3 animals were<br />
<br />
deficient in their vaccination status. - Mod.TG]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
For more information about EEE and West Nile virus in horses, visit<br />
<br />
the New Jersey Department of Agriculture website at<br />
<br />
<http: agriculture="" ah="" diseases="" diseaseworksheets.html#4="" divisions="" www.nj.gov="">.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
EEE and West Nile virus, like other viral diseases affecting horses'<br />
<br />
neurological systems, must be reported to the state veterinarian at<br />
<br />
609-292-3965 within 48 hours of diagnosis.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
Communicated by:<br />
<br />
ProMED-mail<br />
<br />
<promed@promedmail.org><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[The east coast has had a lot of water which is perfect for the<br />
<br />
breeding of mosquitoes. Mosquitoes are the carrier of this viral<br />
<br />
disease. Vaccinations are cheap and easy compared to the agony of<br />
<br />
enduring the loss of your pet. Especially with such things as<br />
<br />
Hurricane Irene this year (2011) it is difficult to imagine why owners<br />
<br />
have not already vaccinated.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Clearly it is still warm and the mosquito threat is still prevalent.<br />
<br />
Owners are encouraged to vaccinate their horses. - Mod.TG]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[New Jersey can be located on the HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive<br />
<br />
map at <http: 1npy="" healthmap.org="" r="">. Gloucester and Monmouth counties<br />
<br />
can be seen on the map at<br />
<br />
<http: county-map="" new-jersey.shtml="" www.digital-topo-maps.com="">. -<br />
<br />
Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[see also:<br />
<br />
Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (17): (WI) equine 20111009.3030<br />
<br />
Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (16): (MA) human 20111008.3025<br />
<br />
Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (15): (VT) emu 20110927.2923<br />
<br />
Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (14): (WI) equine 20110925.2914<br />
<br />
Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (13): (WI) equine 20110918.2838<br />
<br />
Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (12): (MI) equine 20110915.2813<br />
<br />
Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (11): (NY) equine 20110904.2703<br />
<br />
Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (10): (MA) human 20110904.2701<br />
<br />
Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (09): (NY) equine 20110830.2664<br />
<br />
Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (08): (WI) equine 20110825.2586<br />
<br />
Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (07): canine, human, equine<br />
<br />
20110824.2583<br />
<br />
Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (06): (NY) human, fatal<br />
<br />
20110818.2504<br />
<br />
Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (05): (NY) human, fatal<br />
<br />
20110817.2489<br />
<br />
Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (04): (NY) human 20110814.2462<br />
<br />
Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (03): (WI) equine, alpaca<br />
<br />
20110811.2434<br />
<br />
Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (02): (WA) corr. 20110807.2395<br />
<br />
Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (02): (NY) 20110807.2387<br />
<br />
Eastern equine encephalitis - USA: (FL) 20110729.2272]<br />
<br />
.................................................sb/tg/mj/dk<br />
<br />
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<br />
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############################################################Mz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-66118625656615626772011-10-28T12:20:00.000-04:002011-10-28T12:20:23.447-04:00ANAPLASMOSIS-LIKE ILLNESS - SWEDEN: NEW TICK-BORNE PATHOGEN***********************************************************<br />
<br />
A ProMED-mail post<br />
<br />
<http: www.promedmail.org=""><br />
<br />
ProMED-mail is a program of the<br />
<br />
International Society for Infectious Diseases<br />
<br />
<http: www.isid.org=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Date: Tue 25 Oct 11 2011<br />
<br />
Source: The Local [edited]<br />
<br />
<http: 20111025="" 36944="" www.thelocal.se=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Swedish researchers have discovered a new tick-borne illness that can<br />
<br />
cause blood clots in the legs and lungs, with 3 cases having been<br />
<br />
reported in Sweden.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
A total of 8 cases of the disease have been reported so far, with<br />
<br />
patients in Germany, Switzerland, and the Czech Republic also having<br />
<br />
been infected. All of those affected by the disease suffer from a<br />
<br />
weakened immune system, the Dagens Nyheter (DN) newspaper reported.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The illness, which researchers call "neo disease" after the bacterium<br />
<br />
that causes it, _Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis_, also brings<br />
<br />
about flu-like symptoms with long-lasting high fevers, coughing, and<br />
<br />
aches. The disease can be treated with antibiotics.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The 1st case was discovered in the summer of 2009 after a 77-year-old<br />
<br />
man from Gothenburg came down with a high fever and lost<br />
<br />
consciousness. During his treatment, doctors discovered blood clots in<br />
<br />
his leg and lungs. The man's fever returned several times and doctors<br />
<br />
eventually found traces of an unknown bacterium in his blood. The<br />
<br />
disease, which is transmitted by ticks, had never before been reported<br />
<br />
in Sweden and it was unclear what caused the disease in humans. The 2<br />
<br />
additional Swedes who have become ill due to the bacteria are in their<br />
<br />
60s and 70s.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
It remains unclear why the disease causes blood clots, but researchers<br />
<br />
have a number of theories in mind. "When the body can't deal with an<br />
<br />
infection in the blood, it traps the infection in a blood clot,"<br />
<br />
Christine Wenneras, a professor at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in<br />
<br />
Gothenburg, told the newspaper.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
According to researchers, 10 percent of ticks in southern Sweden carry<br />
<br />
the bacteria.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
Communicated by:<br />
<br />
ProMED-mail<br />
<br />
<promed@promedmail.org><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Sweden can be seen at<br />
<br />
<http: 1npa="" healthmap.org="" r="">. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[Anaplasmataceae is a family of Gram negative, obligate intracellular<br />
<br />
alphaproteobacteria that consists of 6 genetically distinct genera: 1)<br />
<br />
_Ehrlichia_, _Anaplasma_, and _Neorickettsia_; 2) _Wolbachia_ and<br />
<br />
_Aegyptianella_, which only infect nematodes, arthropods, or birds;<br />
<br />
and 3) the newly proposed genus _Candidatus Neoehrlichia_<br />
<br />
(<http: 2630="" 48="" 7="" cgi="" jcm.asm.org="" reprint="">). _Candidatus_ is the term<br />
<br />
used for an interim taxonomic status of noncultivable prokaryotic<br />
<br />
organisms. _Neoehrlichia_ refers to a new _Ehrlichia_; _mikurensis_<br />
<br />
refers to Mikura Island in southern Japan, where the organism was<br />
<br />
discovered (<http: 1837.long="" 54="" 5="" content="" ijs.sgmjournals.org="">).<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
_Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis _ recently was discovered in ticks<br />
<br />
and wild rodents in East Asia (Japan, China, Russia) and Europe<br />
<br />
(Sweden, Italy, Netherlands, Germany)<br />
<br />
(<http: 2630="" 48="" 7="" cgi="" content="" full="" jcm.asm.org="">). A closely related<br />
<br />
but distinct species, _Candidatus N. lotoris_, was found in raccoons<br />
<br />
in North America (<http: 16428872="" pubmed="" www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov="">).<br />
<br />
Experimental infection with _Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis_ in<br />
<br />
rats did not elicit antibodies against _Anaplasma phagocytophilum_ and<br />
<br />
_Ehrlichia muris_ antigens<br />
<br />
(<http: 1837.long="" 54="" 5="" content="" ijs.sgmjournals.org="">), which further<br />
<br />
support the position that _Candidatus Neoehrlichia_ is a separate<br />
<br />
genus.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
_Candidatus N. mikurensis_ has been identified by PCR amplification of<br />
<br />
its 16S rRNA gene in at least 4 humans in Europe with febrile<br />
<br />
illnesses that was associated with thrombotic or hemorrhagic events.<br />
<br />
Several of the infected patients have been immunocompromised<br />
<br />
(<http: 20220155="" pubmed="" www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov="">,<br />
<br />
<http: 20519481="" pubmed="" www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov="">, and<br />
<br />
<http: 21353949="" pubmed="" www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov="">). - Mod.ML]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[see also:<br />
<br />
2010<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
Anaplasmosis, human granulocytic - China (03): susp. 20101002.3573<br />
<br />
Anaplasmosis, bovine - USA: (KS, NE, IA) 20100918.3376<br />
<br />
Anaplasmosis, human granulocytic - China (02): background<br />
<br />
20100912.3292<br />
<br />
Anaplasmosis, human granulocytic - China: (HE) susp, RFI<br />
<br />
20100910.3274<br />
<br />
Anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis - USA: (WI, MN) Alert 20100515.1593<br />
<br />
2009<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
Anaplasmosis - USA: (WI, MN) 20090909.3186<br />
<br />
2008<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
Anaplasmosis, nosocomial transmission - China: (AH) 20081120.3661<br />
<br />
Anaplasmosis, human granulocytic - USA: (MN), ex transfusion 2007<br />
<br />
20081024.3362<br />
<br />
Anaplasmosis, human granulocytic - Canada: 1st rep., (AB)<br />
<br />
20080731.2352<br />
<br />
2007<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
Ehrlichiosis, fatal - USA (MO) 20070607.1849<br />
<br />
2003<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
Ehrlichiosis, human granulocytic - USA (MA) 20030903.2211<br />
<br />
Ehrlichiosis, human monocytic - USA (NC) 20030625.1571<br />
<br />
1999<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
Ehrlichiosis, human - Mexico 19990713.1173<br />
<br />
1998<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
Ehrlichiosis, human granulocytic - USA (Connecticut) 19980713.1318<br />
<br />
Ehrlichiosis, human granulocytic - Sweden 19980418.0719<br />
<br />
1995<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (5) 19950802.0625<br />
<br />
Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis - Europe? 19950723.0581]<br />
<br />
.................................................sb/ml/mj/dk<br />
<br />
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<br />
ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that<br />
<br />
are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the<br />
<br />
information, and of any statements or opinions based<br />
<br />
thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in<br />
<br />
using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID<br />
<br />
and its associated service providers shall not be held<br />
<br />
responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any<br />
<br />
damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted<br />
<br />
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<br />
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Donate to ProMED-mail. Details available at:<br />
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************************************************************Mz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-13704924750018239592011-10-23T12:32:00.000-04:002011-10-23T12:32:36.636-04:00ANNOUNCEMENTS (13): INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF CONCERN TO CAPTIVE AND**********************************************************************************************************************<br />
<br />
A ProMED-mail post<br />
<br />
<http: www.promedmail.org=""><br />
<br />
ProMED-mail is a program of the<br />
<br />
International Society for Infectious Diseases<br />
<br />
<http: www.isid.org=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Date: 21 Oct 2011<br />
<br />
From: Kathry Gamble <kgamble@lpzoo.org><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
We are pleased to announce the 1st edition of "Infectious diseases of<br />
<br />
concern to captive and free-ranging animals in North America," as<br />
<br />
coordinated by the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians (AAZV):<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Napier JE, Gamble KC (editors). Infectious diseases of concern to<br />
<br />
captive and free-ranging animals in North America, 1st edition. Yulee,<br />
<br />
Florida: Infectious Disease Committee, American Association of Zoo<br />
<br />
Veterinarians, 2011. 374 pp.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
With our sister organizations, AAZV's Infectious Disease Committee<br />
<br />
coordinated active participation with many other organizations to<br />
<br />
complete concise fact sheets on a total of 160 diseases and the<br />
<br />
reportable diseases for the 50 United States, Canada, and Mexico.<br />
<br />
Membership of the following organizations was represented by 107<br />
<br />
authors and 196 reviewers:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
American Association of Zoo Veterinarians (AAZV)<br />
<br />
American Association of Wildlife Veterinarians (AAWV)<br />
<br />
Association of Avian Veterinarians (AAV)<br />
<br />
Association of Reptile and Amphibian Veterinarians (ARAV)<br />
<br />
Canadian Association of Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians (CAZWV)<br />
<br />
Centers for Disease Control (CDC)<br />
<br />
International Association of Aquatic Animal Medicine (IAAAM)<br />
<br />
Mexican Association of Conservation Medicine (MACM)<br />
<br />
National Animal Disease Center (NADC)<br />
<br />
National Veterinary Services Laboratory (NVSL)<br />
<br />
United States Department of Agriculture - Animal, Plant and Health<br />
<br />
Inspection Services (USDA-APHIS)<br />
<br />
United States Department of Agriculture - Animal Research Services<br />
<br />
(USDA-ARS)<br />
<br />
United States Geological Service (USGS)<br />
<br />
Wildlife Disease Association (WDA)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
...and additional contributions were provided by 31 colleges and<br />
<br />
universities as well as private practitioners and institutions.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
This project was designed as a starting reference point for<br />
<br />
information needed on infectious diseases which affect zoo and wild<br />
<br />
animal species housed or free-ranging in North America. It is<br />
<br />
complementary to a similar volume (in its 4th edition) developed for<br />
<br />
infectious diseases which affected zoo and wild animal species housed<br />
<br />
or free-ranging in Europe. Although these documents were<br />
<br />
peer-reviewed, often by a topic expert, they are not intended to be<br />
<br />
used as an exclusive information source, but rather this manual should<br />
<br />
be used like any other textbook.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
It is available as free access on the homepage of AAZV<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.aazv.org/">http://www.aazv.org/</a>.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
Kathry Gamble<br />
<br />
<kgamble@lpzoo.org>Mz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-27388587682626264492011-10-17T23:56:00.000-04:002011-10-17T23:56:56.727-04:00BLUETONGUE - EUROPE (02): SPAIN (EXTREMADURA) BOVINE, BTV-1Bluetongue As a Bioweapon <br />
<br />
<br />
Bluetongue is considered as a potential bioweapon because of the following factors: <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a risk of bluetongue to any country with competent vectors. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Historically, BTV has produced devastating ovine epizootics and been difficult to eliminate and control in bovine populations. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Viremic animals cannot be distinguished from nontransmitting animals. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Widespread infection would result in significant economic costs from lost trade of germ plasm and animal products and regulatory costs would increase. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Source: USAHA </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span><br />
***********************************************************<br />
<br />
A ProMED-mail post<br />
<br />
<http: www.promedmail.org=""><br />
<br />
ProMED-mail is a program of the<br />
<br />
International Society for Infectious Diseases<br />
<br />
<http: www.isid.org=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Date: Sun 16 Oct 2011<br />
<br />
Source: Ministry of Environment and Rural and Marine Affairs, Spain,<br />
<br />
Veterinary Health Alert Network news release [in Spanish, trans.<br />
<br />
submitter SZ, edited]<br />
<br />
<http: rasve.aspx?idno="618" rasve.mapa.es="" rasve_2005=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
1st bluetongue outbreak in 2011-2012 season reported in Caceres<br />
<br />
province<br />
<br />
---------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
The National Reference Laboratory in Algete has confirmed renewed<br />
<br />
circulation of bluetongue virus [BTV] serotype 1 in an unvaccinated<br />
<br />
sentinel cattle holding in Plasencia (Caceres), which is part of the<br />
<br />
National BT Disease Surveillance Program.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Official Veterinary Services of the Junta de Extremadura have<br />
<br />
reported detection of 10 animals positive for BTV-1 (see map at<br />
<br />
<http: ficheros="" lengua%20azul%2013%2010%202011.pdf="" noticias="" rasve.mapa.es="" recursos="">).<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The confirmation of this case of bluetongue means a reappearance of<br />
<br />
the disease in Spain since the end of the last disease (vector<br />
<br />
activity) season.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
During 2010, a total of 91 outbreaks were reported, of which 80 were<br />
<br />
of BTV-1, 10 of BTV-4, and one focus of BTV-8.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The reappearance of the disease has led to the strengthening of BT<br />
<br />
control measures. These measures involve, in the affected area,<br />
<br />
increased surveillance and biosecurity measures, vector control, and<br />
<br />
the recommendation for vaccination of susceptible species.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Official notification of the new outbreak has been sent to the<br />
<br />
European Commission, OIE, and other autonomous communities and sectors<br />
<br />
involved.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
communicated by:<br />
<br />
Sabine Zentis<br />
<br />
Castleview Pedigree English Longhorns<br />
<br />
Gut Laach<br />
<br />
52385 Nideggen<br />
<br />
Germany<br />
<br />
<http: www.cvlonghorns.de=""><br />
<br />
<cvlonghorns@aol.com><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[BTV-1 was detected in the same location/region during the same season<br />
<br />
last year (2010); see slide 3 in Spain's presentation to EU's SCOFCAH<br />
<br />
(Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health, UK), "Updates<br />
<br />
2009-2010 and Disease Future: Perspective in Spain", available at<br />
<br />
<http: 1112102010_bt_spain.pdf="" animal_health="" committees="" ec.europa.eu="" food="" presentations="" regulatory="" scfcah="">.<br />
<br />
This may be indicative of the endemic status (or overwintering) of<br />
<br />
this virus in Spain, though reintroduction from Northern Africa is not<br />
<br />
excluded. BTV-1 and BTV-4 are currently circulating in Morocco (see<br />
<br />
commentary in ProMED-mail 20111008.3023). - Mod.AS<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Spain can be seen at<br />
<br />
<http: 1laf="" healthmap.org="" r="">. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[see also:<br />
<br />
Bluetongue, sheep - Algeria (02): (AN), spread 20111008.3023<br />
<br />
2010<br />
<br />
---<br />
<br />
Bluetongue - Europe (06): Spain (AN) st 8, susp, RFI 20101126.4267<br />
<br />
Bluetongue - Europe (04): Spain, serotypes 1, 4 20101016.3751<br />
<br />
Bluetongue - Europe (03): Spain (AN), BTV-4, OIE 20101006.3627]<br />
<br />
.................................................arn/mj/sh<br />
<br />
*##########################################################*<br />
<br />
************************************************************<br />
<br />
ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that<br />
<br />
are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the<br />
<br />
information, and of any statements or opinions based<br />
<br />
thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in<br />
<br />
using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID<br />
<br />
and its associated service providers shall not be held<br />
<br />
responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any<br />
<br />
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<br />
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<br />
Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to<br />
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an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name<br />
<br />
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<br />
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<br />
For assistance from a human being, send mail to:<br />
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##############################Mz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-51112902644665295572011-10-16T10:11:00.000-04:002011-10-16T10:11:32.602-04:00Brucellosis / USA / 7 / WyomingBRUCELLOSIS, BOVINE - USA (07): (WYOMING)<br />
<br />
The BIG LIE here is that Brucellosis is a DOMESTIC CATTLE disease that spreads onto wildlife because they have no immunity to domestic animal disease. The Cattlemen like to blame the wildlife for the spread as makes a good excuse to cull wild herds of deer, sheep, buffalo, etc.,...which frees up grazingland for their domestic cows and sheep. <br />
<br />
<br />
*****************************************<br />
<br />
A ProMED-mail post<br />
<br />
<http: www.promedmail.org=""><br />
<br />
ProMED-mail is a program of the<br />
<br />
International Society for Infectious Diseases<br />
<br />
<http: www.isid.org=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Date: 15 Oct 2011<br />
<br />
Source: Wyoming News [edited]<br />
<br />
<http: brucellosis-confirmed-in-3-wyoming-cattle="" kowb1290.com=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Brucellosis Confirmed In 3 Wyoming Cattle<br />
<br />
-----------------------------------------<br />
<br />
Livestock officials have confirmed 3 cases of brucellosis in cattle<br />
<br />
from the northern part of the state. The 3 confirmed cases are the<br />
<br />
first since February.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Brucellosis is a bacterial disease that originates in elk and bison.<br />
<br />
It is easily transmittable between livestock and causes livestock to<br />
<br />
abort their fetuses. Brucellosis has been an ongoing issue across the<br />
<br />
country but Wyoming has maintained a good handle on stopping the<br />
<br />
spread of the disease. Until now the state has not seen a case of<br />
<br />
brucellosis since February [2011]. Two 13-month old heifers raised on<br />
<br />
a ranch in Meeteetse have been confirmed with having brucellosis.<br />
<br />
After preliminary testing Wyoming Livestock Board officials announced<br />
<br />
that another animal in the herd also tested positive with the<br />
<br />
disease.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The herd has since been quarantined. 2 other herds nearby have also<br />
<br />
been quarantined and are currently being tested for the disease.<br />
<br />
Officials attribute the outbreak in the Meeteetse to the same strain<br />
<br />
of brucellosis found in elk that roam various areas of Park County.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[Byline:Garrett Adams]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
Communicated by:<br />
<br />
ProMED-mail<br />
<br />
<promed@promedmail.org><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[Brucellar reactors among the bison and elk have long been blamed for<br />
<br />
the appearance of new infections in cattle. -Mod.MHJ]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[The interactive HealthMap/ProMED map for Wyoming is available at<br />
<br />
<http: 00_b="" healthmap.org="" r="">- CopyEd.EJP]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[see also:<br />
<br />
Brucellosis, bovine - USA: (WY) 20110212.0481<br />
<br />
2010<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
Brucellosis, bovine - USA (04): (WY) bison 20101202.4325<br />
<br />
Brucellosis, bovine - USA (03): (WY) 20101126.4261<br />
<br />
Brucellosis, bovine - USA (02): (MT, WY) 20101107.4041<br />
<br />
Brucellosis, bovine - USA: (WY) 20101101.3956<br />
<br />
Brucellosis, cervid - USA (02): (WY) corr. 20100212.0501<br />
<br />
Brucellosis, cervid - USA: (WY) 20100211.0480<br />
<br />
2009<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
Brucellosis, cervids - USA (02): (WY) 20090220.0718<br />
<br />
2008<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
Brucellosis, bovine - USA (07): (WY) 20080807.2427<br />
<br />
Brucellosis, bovine - USA (06): (WY) ex elk 20080727.2288<br />
<br />
Brucellosis, bovine - USA (05): (WY) 20080726.2273<br />
<br />
Brucellosis, bovine - USA (04): (WY) 20080626.1966<br />
<br />
Brucellosis, bovine - USA (03): (WY) 20080619.1907<br />
<br />
2007<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
Brucellosis, cervidae - USA (WY) 20070214.0546<br />
<br />
2004<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
Brucellosis, bovine - USA (WY) (02) 20040725.2035<br />
<br />
Brucellosis, bison vaccination - USA (WY) 20040327.0847<br />
<br />
Brucellosis, bovine - USA (WY) 20040124.0280<br />
<br />
Brucellosis, bighorn sheep - USA (WY) 20040118.0194<br />
<br />
Brucellosis, elk - USA (WY) 20040110.0114<br />
<br />
2003<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
Brucellosis, bovine - USA (WY) 20031216.3073]<br />
<br />
.................................................sb/mp/mhj/ejp<br />
<br />
*##########################################################*<br />
<br />
************************************************************<br />
<br />
ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that<br />
<br />
are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the<br />
<br />
information, and of any statements or opinions based<br />
<br />
thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in<br />
<br />
using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID<br />
<br />
and its associated service providers shall not be held<br />
<br />
responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any<br />
<br />
damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted<br />
<br />
or archived material.<br />
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Visit ProMED-mail's web site atMz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-39460366725882358352011-10-12T20:33:00.000-04:002011-10-12T20:33:18.222-04:00Undiagnosed Wildlife Die Off / NHPRO/AH/EDR> Undiagnosed die-off, marine wildlife - USA: (NH), RFI<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
ProMED-mail promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu to promed-ahead-e. <br />
<br />
show details 1:25 PM (7 hours ago) <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
UNDIAGNOSED DIE-OFF, MARINE WILDLIFE - USA: (NEW HAMPSHIRE), REQUEST<br />
<br />
FOR INFORMATION<br />
<br />
************************************************************************************<br />
<br />
A ProMED-mail post<br />
<br />
<http: www.promedmail.org=""><br />
<br />
ProMED-mail is a program of the<br />
<br />
International Society for Infectious Diseases<br />
<br />
<http: www.isid.org=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Date: Fri 7 Oct 2011<br />
<br />
Source: The Boston Globe [edited]<br />
<br />
<http: 10="" 2011="" a66sqafkygzodhkavazrxl="" boston="" index.html="" metrodesk="" tuna-joins-ranks-puzzling-wildlife-deaths-new-hampshire-beaches="" www.boston.com=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
A dead 8-foot-long bluefin tuna [_Thunnus thynnus_] washed up on a<br />
<br />
beach in New Hampshire Wednesday [5 Oct 2011], the latest of a number<br />
<br />
of sea creatures whose bodies have mysteriously washed up on the<br />
<br />
state's shore.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
"All of this together is very concerning," said Ellen Goethel, a<br />
<br />
marine biologist and vice chair of the Hampton Conservation<br />
<br />
Commission.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Goethel's 31-year-old son found the tuna when he was walking Plaice<br />
<br />
Cove Beach in Hampton. Goethel, who went to the beach to observe the<br />
<br />
fish, said she had seen 5 dead seabirds and 3 dead seals on the beach<br />
<br />
the week before [week of 25 Sep 2011].<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
"I don't believe that it was caught and lost. It wasn't injured from<br />
<br />
fishing," Goethel said.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The New England Aquarium said last week [week of 25 Sep 2011] that a<br />
<br />
dozen seal pups had washed up on the state's beaches. The aquarium is<br />
<br />
conducting tests on the creatures to determine if disease could be the<br />
<br />
cause of death. The tests are not expected back until Thursday [13 Oct<br />
<br />
2011], Tony LaCasse, spokesman for the aquarium, said today [7 Oct<br />
<br />
2011]. Tests are also being conducted on the dead birds, said Allison<br />
<br />
McHale, fishery policy analyst with the National Oceanic and<br />
<br />
Atmospheric Administration.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Goethel is worried about the diseases the marine life may carry, such<br />
<br />
as hepatitis. She added that many locals walk their dogs on the beach<br />
<br />
on a daily basis. "My concern was to get the animals off the beach as<br />
<br />
quickly as possible," she said.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[Byline: Amanda Cedrone]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
Communicated by:<br />
<br />
ProMED-mail from HealthMap Alerts<br />
<br />
<promed@promedmail.org><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[The broad range of taxa implicated (birds, mammals, fish) indicates<br />
<br />
an unspecific cause and potential implications for public health,<br />
<br />
domestic animal health, and biological conservation. Although the<br />
<br />
attack rate does not seem to be elevated (1 fish, 5 sea birds, 3 adult<br />
<br />
seals, and 12 pups), an outbreak investigation would be pertinent.<br />
<br />
More information on the results of the investigation would be greatly<br />
<br />
appreciated.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
For a picture of the bluefin tuna see<br />
<br />
<http: en.wikipedia.org="" file:thunnus_thynnus.jpg="" wiki="">- Mod.PMB]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of New Hampshire can be seen<br />
<br />
at <http: 1kot="" healthmap.org="" r="">. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[see also:<br />
<br />
Undiagnosed die-off, seal - Canada: (NL) 20110118.0207<br />
<br />
Epizootic ulcerative synd., fish - Australia (03): (QL) stingrays<br />
<br />
20111003.2974<br />
<br />
Epizootic ulcerative synd., fish - Australia (02): (QL) human susp.<br />
<br />
20110927.2926<br />
<br />
Epizootic ulcerative synd., fish - Australia: (QL) 20110925.2908]<br />
<br />
.................................................sb/pmb/mj/mpp<br />
<br />
*##########################################################*<br />
<br />
************************************************************<br />
<br />
ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that<br />
<br />
are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the<br />
<br />
information, and of any statements or opinions based<br />
<br />
thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in<br />
<br />
using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID<br />
<br />
and its associated service providers shall not be held<br />
<br />
responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any<br />
<br />
damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted<br />
<br />
or archived material.<br />
<br />
************************************************************<br />
<br />
Donate to ProMED-mail. Details available at:<br />
<br />
<http: promedmail_donations.shtml="" www.isid.org=""><br />
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<br />
Visit ProMED-mail's web site at <http: www.promedmail.org="">.<br />
<br />
Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to<br />
<br />
an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name<br />
<br />
name and affiliation, it may not be posted. You may unsub-<br />
<br />
scribe at <http: promedmail="" subscribe.lasso="" www.isid.org="">.<br />
<br />
For assistance from a human being, send mail to:<br />
<br />
<postmaster@promedmail.org>.Mz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-63179773018952329942011-10-10T19:27:00.000-04:002011-10-10T19:27:10.788-04:00"Bird Flu" Kills 2 More in IndonesiaProMED-mail promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu to promed-ahead-e. <br />
<br />
<br />
show details 7:05 PM (17 minutes ago) <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
AVIAN INFLUENZA, HUMAN (60): INDONESIA (BALI), FATAL, SUSPECTED<br />
<br />
***************************************************************<br />
<br />
A ProMED-mail post<br />
<br />
<http: www.promedmail.org=""><br />
<br />
ProMED-mail is a program of the<br />
<br />
International Society for Infectious Diseases<br />
<br />
<http: www.isid.org=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[1]<br />
<br />
Date: Mon 10 Oct 2011<br />
<br />
Source: Jakarta Globe [edited]<br />
<br />
<http: 470592="" bali-hospital-confirms-two-cases-of-bird-flu="" news="" www.thejakartaglobe.com=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Bali officials are on alert again after 2 children at Denpasar's<br />
<br />
Sanglah General Hospital were diagnosed with the H5N1 strain of avian<br />
<br />
influenza. Five- and 10-year-old siblings, resident in Bangli<br />
<br />
district, were admitted to the hospital on Friday night [7 Oct 2011]<br />
<br />
with symptoms of avian influenza and placed in isolation. The<br />
<br />
hospital's medical and nursing director, Anak Agung Ngurah Jaya<br />
<br />
Kusuma, said on Sunday [9 Oct 2011] that the children had been in<br />
<br />
direct contact with dead poultry around their house and were treated<br />
<br />
at a local health clinic before being brought to Sanglah.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Officials are still waiting for results of further tests from Udayana<br />
<br />
University and the Health Ministry.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Bali Animal Husbandry Agency head Putu Sumantra said a team had been<br />
<br />
deployed to Bangli, but preliminary results showed no trace of H5N1<br />
<br />
[presumably in poultry - Mod.CP]. He said that given the preliminary<br />
<br />
test, he was not ready to conclude that the birds had died of avian<br />
<br />
influenza. "Nevertheless, we remain vigilant. Some of the dead birds<br />
<br />
have been sent for further lab tests; the area has been sterilized,<br />
<br />
and we have taken samples from family members," he said.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
A total of 2 people died of the virus in 2007 and 2008 [in Bali], but<br />
<br />
the province has still not enacted a 2005 gubernatorial regulation<br />
<br />
banning the import of poultry into the island from other areas.<br />
<br />
Denpasar agricultural quarantine chief Saiful Muhtadin said many<br />
<br />
attempts have been made to smuggle poultry into Bali, especially<br />
<br />
through Padangbai and Gilimanuk harbors.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[Byline: Made Arya Kencana]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
Communicated by:<br />
<br />
Nati Elkin <nati@poultrymed.com><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
******<br />
<br />
[2]<br />
<br />
Date: Mon 10 Oct 2011<br />
<br />
Source: Avian Flu Diary [abridged & edited]<br />
<br />
<http: 10="" 2011="" afludiary.blogspot.com="" bird-flu-claims-two-lives-on-bali.html=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Roughly 48 hours ago [8 Oct 2011], FluTrackers posted an Indonesian<br />
<br />
MetroTV report on 2 children (a 5-year-old boy and a 10-year-old boy)<br />
<br />
hospitalized on Friday [7 Oct 2011] with severe respiratory symptoms<br />
<br />
on the resort island of Bali. Given their reported contact with<br />
<br />
chickens and the endemic nature of the H5N1 virus in Indonesia, bird<br />
<br />
flu was immediately suspected. Over the next 2 days, the news hounds<br />
<br />
on FluTrackers and Flu Wiki posted more than 24 translated reports on<br />
<br />
these 2 children, and yesterday [9 Oct 2011], we learned that<br />
<br />
preliminary testing indicated bird flu, and that both children were on<br />
<br />
respirators.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
This morning [10 Oct 2011], we have had word that both children have<br />
<br />
died and that H5N1 has been confirmed. While a number of news reports<br />
<br />
are reporting these deaths, TEMPO Interaktif seems to have the most<br />
<br />
details. The TEMPO Interactive reports that the 2 children from<br />
<br />
Tembuku Village, Bangli, Bali allegedly died from bird flu early<br />
<br />
Monday morning [10 Oct 2011]. The bodies of the brothers are still<br />
<br />
stored at the General Hospital Center for Sanglah.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
According to other reports, prophylactic Tamiflu is being provided to<br />
<br />
family members and close contacts of these boys, and the community has<br />
<br />
been told that Tamiflu will be provided to anyone who had contact with<br />
<br />
sick or dead chickens.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
All of this is highly reminiscent of the events of August 2007, when<br />
<br />
an outbreak of H5N1 killed 2 women (and was suspected in the death of<br />
<br />
one of the women's 5 year-old daughter) on the island of Bali. Bali,<br />
<br />
with a population of just under 4 million, is a popular international<br />
<br />
tourist destination, although its reputation has suffered in recent<br />
<br />
years due to outbreaks of bird flu, dengue, and rabies.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
A number of countries, including the US and Australia, have issued<br />
<br />
travel health warnings for Bali and for the rest of Indonesia [with<br />
<br />
respect to risk of rabies virus infection - Mod.CP]. Although news<br />
<br />
reports of bird flu outbreaks and human cases in Indonesia have<br />
<br />
declined over the past couple of years, the virus remains endemic in<br />
<br />
that country and continues to mutate and spread.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Reporting and surveillance in Indonesia, as in much of the world,<br />
<br />
leaves much to be desired, so while Indonesia reports 146 total deaths<br />
<br />
from the H5N1 virus, the actual number is unknown. With these 2 new<br />
<br />
deaths, a good deal of attention will be focused on Bali over the next<br />
<br />
couple of days to see whether additional cases show up.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[Byline: Michael Coston]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
Communicated by:<br />
<br />
ProMED-mail Correspondent Mary Marshall<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[ProMED-mail acknowledges receipt of another report with similar<br />
<br />
information from Dr. Andri Jatikusumah, M.Sc., Direktur Eksekutif,<br />
<br />
Center for Indonesian Veterinary Analytical Studies (CIVAS), Jl.RSAU.<br />
<br />
No 4, Atang Sanjaya, Kemang Bogor.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Reports of human cases of avian influenza A/(H5N1) virus infection<br />
<br />
from Indonesia have not always been confirmed by laboratory diagnosis<br />
<br />
at a WHO-accredited institution. While the 2nd report announcing the<br />
<br />
death of the 2 siblings states that the diagnosis of avian influenza<br />
<br />
A/(H5N1) virus infection has been confirmed, the 1st report states<br />
<br />
that it is not yet certain that the deaths of the domestic poultry in<br />
<br />
the village where the children lived were the result of avian<br />
<br />
influenza virus infection. Further information is awaited.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Denpasar in Bali, Indonesia can be located in the HeathMap/ProMED-mail<br />
<br />
interactive map at: <http: 1j_3="" healthmap.org="" r="">. - Mod.CP]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[see also:<br />
<br />
Avian influenza, human (59): transmission in mammals 20110926.2921<br />
<br />
Avian influenza, human (58): H5N1 2.3.2.1 clade, WHO 20110902.2682<br />
<br />
Avian influenza, human (57): alert 20110829.2654<br />
<br />
Avian influenza, human (56): Cambodia (KC) 20110819.2525<br />
<br />
Avian influenza, human (55): data analysis 20110811.2439<br />
<br />
Avian influenza, human (54): Egypt, WHO 20110810.2427<br />
<br />
Avian influenza, human (53): Cambodia, Egypt 20110803.2338<br />
<br />
Avian influenza, human (52): Cambodia (BM) 20110729.2279<br />
<br />
Avian influenza, human (45): Indonesia (JK), WHO 20110603.1700]<br />
<br />
.................................................arn/mpp/cp/msp/mpp<br />
<br />
*##########################################################*<br />
<br />
************************************************************<br />
<br />
ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that<br />
<br />
are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the<br />
<br />
information, and of any statements or opinions based<br />
<br />
thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in<br />
<br />
using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID<br />
<br />
and its associated service providers shall not be held<br />
<br />
responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any<br />
<br />
damages incurred as a result of use orMz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-9992822998131014752011-10-10T11:49:00.003-04:002011-10-10T19:25:21.252-04:00Undiagnosed Crop-Disease Devistating GaunaThis may seem a little off topic for a blog dedicated to zoonotic diseases, but one thing is sure, both contribute greatly to food shortages and and our ability to feed ourselves and others. Both are detrimental to the economic welfare of a nation or town or villages. Both also can be manufactured in a lab and used as weapons of mass distruction. <a href="https://mail.google.com/mail/?hl=en&shva=1#inbox/132ee4950bd34754">https://mail.google.com/mail/?hl=en&shva=1#inbox/132ee4950bd34754</a><br />
<br />
See also; Pests, Diseases, Ruin Small Farmers ; <a href="http://www.modernghana.com/news/354704/1/pests-and-diseases-threaten-income-of-local-farmer.html">http://www.modernghana.com/news/354704/1/pests-and-diseases-threaten-income-of-local-farmer.html</a>Mz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-58015532030035699752011-10-06T23:42:00.001-04:002011-10-06T23:43:31.767-04:00Multiple Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Crisis in India, Spreading AbroadBe sure see the info in the link below BEFORE reading this Pro-Med Report, which illuminates for us at least one professional's opinion as to the real source of these bacteria resistant to multi-antibiotics' ; <a href="http://meatsubs.blogspot.com/2011/09/ecoli-bio-engineered.html">http://meatsubs.blogspot.com/2011/09/ecoli-bio-engineered.html</a><br />
<br />
<br />
NDM-1 CARRYING ENTEROBACTERIACEAE - INDIA (02): NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS<br />
<br />
<br />
*********************************************************************<br />
<br />
A ProMED-mail post<br />
<br />
<http: www.promedmail.org=""><br />
<br />
ProMED-mail is a program of the<br />
<br />
International Society for Infectious Diseases<br />
<br />
<http: www.isid.org=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[1] Neonatal ICU<br />
<br />
Date: Wed 5 Oct 2011<br />
<br />
Source: IBN Live [edited]<br />
<br />
<http: 190342-17.html="" drug-resistant-infections-kill-60k-infants-a-year="" ibnlive.in.com="" news=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
India is hosting a global summit on antibiotic resistance in New Delhi<br />
<br />
this week [week of 3 Oct 2011], even as the NDM-1 bacterial resistance<br />
<br />
factor has now made its way into neonatal ICUs in the country and is<br />
<br />
affecting and killing newborn babies.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Because of antibiotic resistance, nearly 60 000 newborn babies are<br />
<br />
dying every year in India of sepsis, a treatable blood infection,<br />
<br />
despite getting lifesaving antibiotics. "The organisms in the<br />
<br />
hospitals have become multidrug resistant. Even the strongest<br />
<br />
antibiotics may not work. Invariably, the baby ends up losing the<br />
<br />
battle," said Dr Vishal Singh, Sr Consultant, Pediatric Critical Care<br />
<br />
Unit, Neonatal ICU.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
According to the Public Health foundation of India, one million babies<br />
<br />
die every year in India within the 1st 4 weeks of birth, and 190 000<br />
<br />
are dying of sepsis, often due to lack of access to medicines, and 30<br />
<br />
percent of these deaths are due to antibiotic resistant bacteria.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
There is now the threat from NDM-1 containing bacteria, as 4 infants<br />
<br />
at a hospital in Birbhum district in rural West Bengal affected with<br />
<br />
these bacteria died within 72 hours.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
"When we abuse antibiotics or don't use them appropriately, we are<br />
<br />
basically strengthening the bacteria that work against these babies,"<br />
<br />
said Dr Ramanan of PHFI. "To change this, all we need to do is to use<br />
<br />
antibiotics according to prescribed guidelines.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
Communicated by:<br />
<br />
ProMED-mail Rapporteur Mary Marshall<br />
<br />
<promed@promedmail.org><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
******<br />
<br />
[2] General hospital<br />
<br />
Date: Wed 5 Oct 2011<br />
<br />
Source: India Today [edited]<br />
<br />
<http: 153810.html="" 1="" indiatoday.intoday.in="" story="" study-finds-high-levels-of-super-bug-ndm1-in-ganga-ram-hospital=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
A study conducted at Delhi's famous Sir Ganga Ram Hospital has found a<br />
<br />
worryingly high prevalence of bacteria containing a resistance factor<br />
<br />
gene named New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1 (NDM-1). The study,<br />
<br />
conducted over the last 5 months, found patients positive for bacteria<br />
<br />
containing the antibiotic drug-resistance factor.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
A total of 10 889 samples were collected from the hospital. Out of<br />
<br />
these, over 2500 positive samples were found in the intensive care<br />
<br />
unit (ICU) and around 2700 more in the general ward. The positive<br />
<br />
samples came mostly from patients with _E. coli_ infection and<br />
<br />
pneumonia. However, doctors at the hospital said that since Ganga Ram<br />
<br />
was a tertiary care hospital, patients could already have been<br />
<br />
infected when they came to the hospital.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Senior physician and cardiologist Dr K.K. Aggarwal said: "The bacteria<br />
<br />
are present. There are 3 studies now which confirm that [they are]<br />
<br />
present in the hospitals; they are present in multiple hospitals,<br />
<br />
present in India. They are present in water. Now, Ganga Ram says they<br />
<br />
are present in their ward. It's a matter of serious concern. All<br />
<br />
hospitals should check it, should come out with a new antibiotic<br />
<br />
policy, and should absolutely implement hygiene maintenance," Aggarwal<br />
<br />
added.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
Communicated by:<br />
<br />
ProMED Rapporteur Mary Marshall<br />
<br />
<promed@promedmail.org><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[Originating in India, NDM-1 containing bacteria have spread to the<br />
<br />
developed world. As reported in the 25 Jun 2010 Morbidity and<br />
<br />
Mortality Weekly Report (2010;59:750), during the 1st half of 2010, 3<br />
<br />
isolates of _Enterobacteriaceae_, an _E. coli_, a _Klebsiella<br />
<br />
pneumoniae_, and an _Enterobacter cloacae_, were identified at CDC to<br />
<br />
carry NDM-1, which confers resistance to all beta-lactams except<br />
<br />
aztreonam (a monobactam) and were also resistant to aztreonam. All 3<br />
<br />
isolates were from patients who received recent medical care in<br />
<br />
India.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Yong and colleagues (Yong D, Toleman MA, Giske CG, et al:<br />
<br />
Characterization of a new metallo-beta-lactamase gene, bla-NCm-1, and<br />
<br />
novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure<br />
<br />
in _Klebsiella pneumoniae_ sequence type 14 from India. Antimicrob<br />
<br />
Agents Chemother. 2009;53: 5046-54) found that the plasmid carrying<br />
<br />
NDM-1 also carries several other resistance genes and appears to<br />
<br />
easily transmit itself to other organisms. The authors state that "the<br />
<br />
dissemination of this plasmid among clinical bacteria would be a<br />
<br />
nightmare scenario."<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
This NDM-1 gene cassette of wide-spectrum antimicrobial resistance<br />
<br />
appears to have developed in the Indian subcontinent, as in the above<br />
<br />
report, where the use of antimicrobial agents is quite poorly<br />
<br />
controlled. Organisms carrying this resistance combination have<br />
<br />
already been introduced into western Europe, the USA, and Canada. The<br />
<br />
best methods of control are rapid recognition by standard<br />
<br />
microbiologic methodology in patients having the appropriate<br />
<br />
medical/travel history and aggressive hand washing techniques.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The amazing overuse of our current antimicrobial armamentarium that I<br />
<br />
am currently observing in my clinical practice in the USA will no<br />
<br />
doubt serve as an efficient multiplier of these isolates, just as<br />
<br />
intravenous drug abuse and sexual promiscuity facilitated the<br />
<br />
explosion of HIV 30 years ago. This misuse, in my opinion, is directly<br />
<br />
related to the lack of control of antimicrobial usage in intensive<br />
<br />
care units and emergency care settings by intensivists and ER<br />
<br />
physicians who often react with a lack of wisdom and "cookbook"<br />
<br />
protocols instead of using common sense and rational prescribing<br />
<br />
patterns. Once the patient moves out of the ICU or ER, the physicians<br />
<br />
do not even see the products of their unwise labors.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
In the USA, reimbursements for medical care are based on procedures,<br />
<br />
not thought processes. Until the power of therapeutic nihilism is<br />
<br />
recognized -- that is, using these agents only when rational, in<br />
<br />
combinations that make sense, and in settings where therapeutic<br />
<br />
interventions can have the ability to produce measurable and<br />
<br />
meaningful improvement in a patient's life -- the medical community<br />
<br />
will continue down the slippery slope into an era where no therapeutic<br />
<br />
options will exist. - Mod.LL]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[see also:<br />
<br />
NDM-1 carrying Enterobacteriaceae - India, China: govt. response<br />
<br />
20110412.1156<br />
<br />
NDM-1 carrying Enterobacteriaceae - India: (New Delhi) water supply<br />
<br />
20110411.1145<br />
<br />
2010<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
Gram negative bacilli, resistant, update (01): NDM-1, KPC<br />
<br />
20101028.3908<br />
<br />
NDM-1 carrying Enterobacteriaceae (04): Taiwan ex India 20101005.3604<br />
<br />
VIM carrying Enterobacteriaceae - USA ex Greece: 1st rep.<br />
<br />
20100922.3422<br />
<br />
NDM-1 carrying Enterobacteriaceae (03): worldwide ex India, Pakistan<br />
<br />
20100914.3325<br />
<br />
NDM-1 carrying Enterobacteriaceae (02): worldwide ex India, Pakistan<br />
<br />
20100817.2853<br />
<br />
NDM-1 carrying Enterobacteriaceae: N America, UK ex India<br />
<br />
20100815.2812]<br />
<br />
.................................................ll/msp/ml<br />
<br />
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<br />
************************************************************<br />
<br />
ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that<br />
<br />
are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the<br />
<br />
information, and of any statements or opinions based<br />
<br />
thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in<br />
<br />
using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID<br />
<br />
and its associated service providers shall not be held<br />
<br />
responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any<br />
<br />
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<br />
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############################################################Mz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-40505581309468709422011-09-30T12:59:00.000-04:002011-09-30T12:59:03.383-04:00ecoli Bio-engineered<a href="http://www.naturalnews.com/032622_ecoli_bioengineering.html">http://www.naturalnews.com/032622_ecoli_bioengineering.html</a>Mz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-3974212802239199372011-09-21T08:52:00.000-04:002011-09-21T08:52:08.370-04:00MORE EQUINE HERPESVIRUS, EQUINE - NORTH AMERICA (14): (TENNESSEE************************************************************<br />
<br />
A ProMED-mail post<br />
<br />
<http: www.promedmail.org=""><br />
<br />
ProMED-mail is a program of the<br />
<br />
International Society for Infectious Diseases<br />
<br />
<http: www.isid.org=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Date: 19 Sep 2011<br />
<br />
Source: The Horse.com Article 18847 [edited]<br />
<br />
<http: viewarticle.aspx?id="18847" www.thehorse.com=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The University of Tennessee (UT) Veterinary Medical Center is in the<br />
<br />
midst of a 7-day quarantine ordered by the Tennessee State<br />
<br />
Veterinarian after a horse brought to the hospital with clinical signs<br />
<br />
of the disease was euthanized. Test results confirmed the horse was<br />
<br />
positive for the neurologic strain of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1).<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
"On 15 Sep 2011, a down (recumbent) horse was brought to the Equine<br />
<br />
Hospital at the UT Veterinary Medical Center at 2:00 p.m.," a<br />
<br />
statement from the hospital read. "The horse was kept in a separate<br />
<br />
area of the equine hospital. Within hours, the horse's condition<br />
<br />
deteriorated, and the animal was euthanized."<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
"Our laboratory and an outside independent laboratory have both<br />
<br />
confirmed that the index horse that was euthanized within hours of<br />
<br />
being admitted was positive for the neurotrophic (neurologic) form of<br />
<br />
EHV-1," said Sandra Harbison, media relations director for UT College<br />
<br />
of Veterinary Medicine. Harbison noted the hospital implemented its<br />
<br />
own 14-day quarantine period, effective the morning of 16 Sep 2011,<br />
<br />
and the statement indicated the hospital "expects to maintain<br />
<br />
voluntary isolation for an additional period of time as clinicians<br />
<br />
investigate a neurologic case" of the virus.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
"It is important to note there is not currently an active case of<br />
<br />
EHV-1 in the hospital, and we are taking every precaution to prevent<br />
<br />
the spread of disease," the statement said. Harbison added that no new<br />
<br />
cases had been confirmed since the index horse was admitted.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
"Appointments at the UT College of Veterinary Message Equine Hospital<br />
<br />
have been relocated to an off-site facility," the statement read. "In<br />
<br />
some instances, our ambulatory field service can provide medical care<br />
<br />
on-site for local owners."<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Although it's not transmissible to humans, EHV-1 is highly contagious<br />
<br />
among horses and camelids, and it is generally passed from horse to<br />
<br />
horse via aerosol transmission (when affected animals sneeze/cough)<br />
<br />
and contact with nasal secretions. The disease can cause a variety of<br />
<br />
ailments in equines, including rhinopneumonitis (a respiratory disease<br />
<br />
usually found in young horses), abortion in broodmares, and<br />
<br />
myeloencephalopathy (EHM, the neurologic form).<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Myeloencephalopathy is characterized by fever, ataxia<br />
<br />
(incoordination), weakness or paralysis of the hind limbs, and<br />
<br />
incontinence. Should a horse with potential EHV-1 exposure display any<br />
<br />
of the aforementioned clinical signs, a veterinarian should be called<br />
<br />
to obtain samples and test for the disease.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Individuals with questions on the UT quarantine are asked to call 865<br />
<br />
974-8387.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[Byline: Erica Larson]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
Communicated by:<br />
<br />
ProMED-mail from HealthMap alerts<br />
<br />
<promed@promedmail.org><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[The University teaching hospital is taking every precaution to insure<br />
<br />
this disease does not spread through its hospital. We sincerely hope<br />
<br />
they are successful.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Equine herpesvirus (EHV-1) infection in horses can cause respiratory<br />
<br />
and neurological disease, abortion in mares, and neonatal foal death.<br />
<br />
The neurological form of the disease is known as equine herpes<br />
<br />
myeloencephalopathy (EHM) and has the potential to cause high<br />
<br />
morbidity and mortality.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
EHV-1 is easily spread and typically has an incubation period between<br />
<br />
2-10 days. Respiratory shedding of the virus generally occurs for 7-10<br />
<br />
days but may persist longer in infected horses. For this reason, the<br />
<br />
isolation period recommendation for confirmed positive EHM cases is 21<br />
<br />
days. Clinical signs of EHM in horses may include nasal discharge,<br />
<br />
incoordination, hindquarter weakness, recumbency, lethargy, urine<br />
<br />
dribbling and diminished tail tone. The prognosis for EHM positive<br />
<br />
horses depends on the severity of signs and the period of recumbency.<br />
<br />
Employing supportive treatment with intravenous fluids,<br />
<br />
anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-viral drugs and other supportive<br />
<br />
measures may be beneficial, since there is no specific treatment for<br />
<br />
EHM. Currently, no EHV-1 equine vaccine has a label claim for<br />
<br />
protection against the neurological strain of the virus.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Portions of this comment have been extracted from:<br />
<br />
<http: ahfss="" animal_health="" equine_herpes_virus.html="" www.cdfa.ca.gov="">.<br />
<br />
- Mod.TG]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[see also:<br />
<br />
Equine herpesvirus, equine - North America (13): (CA) 20110915.2810<br />
<br />
Equine herpesvirus, equine - North America (12): (MI) 20110911.2761<br />
<br />
Equine herpesvirus, equine - North America (11): (USA) 20110830.2663<br />
<br />
Equine herpesvirus, equine - North America (10): (USA) 20110826.2598<br />
<br />
Equine herpesvirus, equine - North America (09): (USA) 20110625.1944<br />
<br />
Equine herpesvirus, equine - North America (08) 20110618.1859<br />
<br />
Equine herpesvirus, equine - North America (07) 20110609.1750<br />
<br />
Equine herpesvirus, equine - North America (06) 20110604.1705<br />
<br />
Equine herpesvirus, equine - North America (05) 20110528.1639<br />
<br />
Equine herpesvirus, equine - North America (04) 20110528.1632<br />
<br />
Equine herpesvirus - North America (03): (USA) 20110526.1607<br />
<br />
Equine herpesvirus - North America (02): (Canada, USA) 20110524.1573<br />
<br />
Equine herpesvirus - North America: (USA, Canada) 20110519.1516<br />
<br />
Equine herpesvirus, equine - USA (06): (NJ) 20110419.1220<br />
<br />
Equine herpesvirus, equine - USA (05): (NY) quarantine lifted<br />
<br />
20110417.1201<br />
<br />
Equine herpesvirus, equine - USA (04): (NY) Cornell U 20110407.1083<br />
<br />
Equine herpesvirus, equine - USA (03): (NY) Cornell U 20110405.1057<br />
<br />
Equine herpesvirus, equine - USA (02): (NY) Cornell U, RFI<br />
<br />
20110403.1038<br />
<br />
Equine herpesvirus, equine - USA: (NY) Cornell University<br />
<br />
20110402.1021]<br />
<br />
.................................................sb/tg/msp/dk<br />
<br />
*##########################################################*<br />
<br />
************************************************************<br />
<br />
ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that<br />
<br />
are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the<br />
<br />
information, and of any statements or opinions based<br />
<br />
thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in<br />
<br />
using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID<br />
<br />
and its associated service providers shall not be held<br />
<br />
responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any<br />
<br />
damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted<br />
<br />
or archived material.<br />
<br />
************************************************************<br />
<br />
Donate to ProMED-mail. Details available at:<br />
<br />
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<br />
Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to<br />
<br />
an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name<br />
<br />
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<br />
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############################################################Mz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-68062295443701158082011-08-03T19:56:00.000-04:002011-08-03T19:56:34.123-04:00Un-Diagnosed Cattle / Camel Disease / North AfricaNot saying but,......<br />
<br />
UNDIAGNOSED DISEASE AND DEATH, CAMELS - MAURITANIA: REQUEST FOR<br />
<br />
<br />
INFORMATION<br />
<br />
***************************************************************************<br />
<br />
A ProMED-mail post<br />
<br />
<http: www.promedmail.org=""><br />
<br />
ProMED-mail is a program of the<br />
<br />
International Society for Infectious Diseases<br />
<br />
<http: www.isid.org=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Date: Tue 2 Aug 2011<br />
<br />
Source: C.R.I.De.M (Carrefour de la Republique Islamique de<br />
<br />
Mauritanie)[French, transl., summarised, edited]<br />
<br />
<http: c_info.php?article="58434" www.cridem.org=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
A serious threat to camels in Mauritania<br />
<br />
----------------------------------------<br />
<br />
A serious threat hangs over camels in Mauritania, with farmers calling<br />
<br />
for urgent measures combining efforts of national and international<br />
<br />
partners. "This is to identify the disease that kills camels, to<br />
<br />
prescribe the treatment needed and to apply control measures to<br />
<br />
prevent its spread," said Mohamed Lemine, a camel breeder. The<br />
<br />
measures are essential to maintain the camel population -- a main<br />
<br />
resource of the country for its milk and meat, in addition to its use<br />
<br />
in transportation and its striking adaptability to the ecosystem.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Camels have died in recent weeks in several regions of Mauritania:<br />
<br />
Guidimgha, Brakna, Gorgol and Trarza. In all cases, the animals had<br />
<br />
internal bleeding and respiratory infection, it seems, having wasted<br />
<br />
away suddenly presented with bleeding mouth and nose and swelling in<br />
<br />
the skull.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The new death toll came after that of winter 2010 in Adrar, which was<br />
<br />
caused by Rift valley fever (RVF). Ranchers whose livestock is<br />
<br />
currently being affected wondered if the death of camels is caused by<br />
<br />
RVF. As they say, camels may well have carried the virus of the Adrar<br />
<br />
during their transhumance cycle.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
But a vet who examined camels in Trarza suspected pasteurellosis. Is<br />
<br />
this an appropriate diagnosis? This is not known at this time.<br />
<br />
Pasteurellose is a fatal disease in camels.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
"I invited a veterinarian who vaccinated the herd; 2 days later, my<br />
<br />
flock is dead," said Mohamed Lemine. He added: "My case has<br />
<br />
discouraged farmers from vaccinating their herds. They want reliable<br />
<br />
diagnosis to be carried out, preferably in Europe, because they think<br />
<br />
the disease has not actually been identified."<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Livestock contributes 80 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP)<br />
<br />
of the agricultural sector in Mauritania, which includes 1 320 000<br />
<br />
cattle, 1 140 000 goats and 10 332 000 sheep.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Southeast is considered the main breeding area, followed by the<br />
<br />
Southwest border of Senegal. In these 2 areas the animals were already<br />
<br />
beginning to suffer and to show serious signs of weakness, many<br />
<br />
already dead due to lack of pasture consecutive late rains.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
If an outbreak of pasteurellosis is added to the environmental<br />
<br />
difficulties, the prospects for Mauritanian herders are grim.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
Communicated by:<br />
<br />
Sabine Zentis<br />
<br />
Castleview English Longhorns<br />
<br />
Gut Laach<br />
<br />
D-52385 Nideggen, Germany<br />
<br />
cvlonghorns@aol.com<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[Diagnosis of the suspected disease is indeed essential and urgent. If<br />
<br />
RVF is to be considered, its main victims are expected to be small<br />
<br />
ruminants and cattle, though camels may be affected as well. Is that<br />
<br />
the case? Obviously, RVF would have serious public health aspects as<br />
<br />
well. - Mod.AS]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[The interactive HealthMap/ProMED map for Mauritania is available at:<br />
<br />
<http: 0hq0="" healthmap.org="" r="">- CopyEd.EJP]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[see also:<br />
<br />
2010<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
Rift Valley fever, livestock - Mauritania (02): OIE 20101219.4478<br />
<br />
Rift Valley fever, livestock, human - Mauritania 20101202.4332<br />
<br />
2003<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
Rift Valley Fever - Mauritania: OIE 20031020.2635]<br />
<br />
.................................................arn/ejp/jw<br />
<br />
*##########################################################*<br />
<br />
************************************************************<br />
<br />
ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that<br />
<br />
are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the<br />
<br />
information, and of any statements or opinions based<br />
<br />
thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in<br />
<br />
using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID<br />
<br />
and its associated service providers shall not be held<br />
<br />
responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any<br />
<br />
damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted<br />
<br />
or archived material.<br />
<br />
************************************************************<br />
<br />
Donate to ProMED-mail. Details available at:<br />
<br />
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<br />
************************************************************<br />
<br />
Visit ProMED-mail's web site at <http: www.promedmail.org="">.<br />
<br />
Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to<br />
<br />
an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name<br />
<br />
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<br />
scribe at <http: promedmail="" subscribe.lasso="" www.isid.org="">.<br />
<br />
For assistance from a human being, send mail to:<br />
<br />
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##############################Mz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-59229070054683393132011-07-16T00:34:00.000-04:002011-07-16T00:34:03.821-04:00Tracing FMD : A Report<a href="http://web.oie.int/boutique/extrait/05dinardo6385.pdf">http://web.oie.int/boutique/extrait/05dinardo6385.pdf</a>Mz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-2451072658738524542011-07-16T00:25:00.002-04:002011-07-16T00:25:55.248-04:00HENDRA VIRUS, EQUINE - AUSTRALIA (13): (QUEENSLAND)***************************************************<br />
<br />
A ProMED-mail post<br />
<br />
<http: www.promedmail.org=""><br />
<br />
ProMED-mail is a program of the<br />
<br />
International Society for Infectious Diseases<br />
<br />
<http: www.isid.org=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Date: Thu 14 Jul 2011<br />
<br />
Source: The Sydney Morning Herald [edited]<br />
<br />
<http: animals="" bats-should-be-moved-not-killed-entsch-20110714-1hfnv.html#ixzz1scqqwb9g="" environment="" www.smh.com.au=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Bat colonies should be moved from urban centres and farms, but not<br />
<br />
killed, to prevent further outbreaks of the Hendra virus, a north<br />
<br />
Queensland MP says. Veterinarians and horse breeders in far north<br />
<br />
Queensland are concerned the region's large flying fox population<br />
<br />
could result in a spread of the deadly virus, following an outbreak at<br />
<br />
a property west of Cairns this week [11-14 Jul 2011]. A pony named<br />
<br />
Cheeky died from the virus at the Blazing Saddles trail-riding<br />
<br />
property near Kuranda earlier this week. So far, 9 horses have been<br />
<br />
killed or put down since 20 Jun [2011] as a result of the virus<br />
<br />
following outbreaks in Queensland and New South Wales (NSW).<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Independent MP Bob Katter on Wednesday [13 Jul 2011] called for bats<br />
<br />
who nested in urban areas to be shot or moved on to prevent further<br />
<br />
outbreaks, a position rejected by Biosecurity Queensland.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Leichhardt MP Warren Entsch labelled calls to shoot the bats a<br />
<br />
"knee-jerk reaction" but said authorities should use non-lethal means<br />
<br />
to force bats to relocate from farms and urban areas. "The bats play a<br />
<br />
very important role in our ecology, if we exterminated them<br />
<br />
pollination in our native forests would just crash. "But we need to be<br />
<br />
looking at ways of managing this." He said authorities could use<br />
<br />
noise, such as the sound of gunshots, to disrupt bat colonies as they<br />
<br />
slept during the day. "There are non-lethal ways that bats can be<br />
<br />
encouraged to leave the area and go back to live in forests where they<br />
<br />
belong," he said. However, he said the population of bats had grown<br />
<br />
dramatically in north Queensland due to the availability of food<br />
<br />
sources such as commercial crops and authorities should consider<br />
<br />
efforts to reduce numbers through management programs.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, Blazing Saddles owner Michael Trout has said all staff<br />
<br />
working at the property would be tested for the virus as a precaution.<br />
<br />
"Just for absolute safety's sake, all staff will be tested at one<br />
<br />
o'clock today and their results will be back tomorrow so there is 100<br />
<br />
per cent clarity there," he told ABC Radio in Cairns. 4 staff and 2<br />
<br />
visitors who had contact with Cheeky as well as all 36 horses<br />
<br />
remaining on the property have already been tested.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
Communicated by:<br />
<br />
ProMED-mail<br />
<br />
<promed@promedmail.org><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[Biosecurity Queensland<br />
<br />
<http: 4790_15093.htm#reducing_the_risk="" www.dpi.qld.gov.au="">and the<br />
<br />
NSW government<br />
<br />
<http: aboutus="" agriculture-news-releases="" news="" recent-news="" second-case-of-hendra-virus="" www.dpi.nsw.gov.au=""><br />
<br />
listed a number of precautions to avoid exposure of horses and people<br />
<br />
to Hendra virus. Neither source mentions elimination or moving the<br />
<br />
bats (see ProMED-mail archive no. 20110713.2110). Dispersal brings<br />
<br />
with it the risk of spreading the virus to other locations.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
These bats are highly mobile, and there is no assurance that they<br />
<br />
will not return to their location of capture on release, since there<br />
<br />
are food sources and good roosting places there. Or other flying foxes<br />
<br />
may move into the vacated habitats. The logistics and cost of attempts<br />
<br />
to eliminate the bat populations or move them to other locations would<br />
<br />
be considerable and most likely unsuccessful.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of<br />
<br />
Queensland can be accessed at<br />
<br />
<http: 008n="" healthmap.org="" r="">. - Mod. TY<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
A map showing the locations of the outbreaks can be seen at<br />
<br />
<http: hendra-virus="" news="" specials="" www.abc.net.au="">. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[see also:<br />
<br />
Hendra virus, equine - Australia (12): (QL,NS) 20110715.2137<br />
<br />
Hendra virus, equine - Australia (11): (QL,NS) human exposure<br />
<br />
20110714.2125<br />
<br />
Hendra virus, equine - Australia (10): (QL,NS) human exposure<br />
<br />
20110713.2110<br />
<br />
Hendra virus, equine - Australia (09): (QL,NS) human exposure<br />
<br />
20110712.2098<br />
<br />
Hendra virus, equine - Australia (08): (QL,NS) 20110710.2084<br />
<br />
Hendra virus, equine - Australia (07): (QL,NS) 20110706.2045<br />
<br />
Hendra virus, equine - Australia (06): (QL,NS) human exposure<br />
<br />
20110705.2036<br />
<br />
Hendra virus, equine - Australia (05): (NSW) human exposure<br />
<br />
20110702.2012<br />
<br />
Hendra virus, equine - Australia (04): (QL) 20110701.1997<br />
<br />
Hendra virus, equine - Australia (03): (QL) human exposure<br />
<br />
20110630.1989<br />
<br />
Hendra virus, equine - Australia (02): (QL) 20110629.1984<br />
<br />
Hendra virus, equine - Australia: vaccine 20110525.1589]<br />
<br />
.................................................mpp/ty/ejp/lm<br />
<br />
*##########################################################*<br />
<br />
************************************************************<br />
<br />
ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that<br />
<br />
are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the<br />
<br />
information, and of any statements or opinions based<br />
<br />
thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in<br />
<br />
using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID<br />
<br />
and its associated service providers shall not be held<br />
<br />
responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any<br />
<br />
damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted<br />
<br />
or archived material.<br />
<br />
************************************************************<br />
<br />
Donate to ProMED-mail. Details available at:<br />
<br />
<http: promedmail_donations.shtml="" www.isid.org=""><br />
<br />
************************************************************<br />
<br />
Visit ProMED-mail's web site at <http: www.promedmail.org="">.<br />
<br />
Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to<br />
<br />
an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name<br />
<br />
name and affiliation, it may not be posted. You may unsub-<br />
<br />
scribe at <http: promedmail="" subscribe.lasso="" www.isid.org="">.<br />
<br />
For assistance from a human being, send mail to:<br />
<br />
<postmaster@promedmail.org>.Mz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-68415766386449046492011-07-02T03:20:00.001-04:002011-07-02T03:20:09.703-04:00Fleas, rodents, pets, blamed for (lab-made?) PlaguePRO/AH> Plague, animal - USA (04): (NM) canine<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
ProMED-mail promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu to promed-ahead <br />
<br />
show details 3:42 PM (10 hours ago) <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
PLAGUE, ANIMAL - USA (04): (NEW MEXICO) CANINE<br />
<br />
**********************************************<br />
<br />
A ProMED-mail post<br />
<br />
<http: www.promedmail.org=""><br />
<br />
ProMED-mail is a program of the<br />
<br />
International Society for Infectious Diseases<br />
<br />
<http: www.isid.org=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Date: Tue 28 Jun 2011<br />
<br />
Source: Alamogordo Daily News [edited]<br />
<br />
<http: ci_18373276="" www.alamogordonews.com=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The New Mexico Department of Health's Scientific Laboratory Division<br />
<br />
confirmed plague this week in a dog in Rio Rancho. The dog was most<br />
<br />
likely infected when running in open fields on the north end of the<br />
<br />
city and encountering sick or dead rabbits and other rodents, health<br />
<br />
officials said.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
"A plague case in a pet serves as a warning that there is plague<br />
<br />
activity in rabbits, rodents, and their fleas in the area," said Dr<br />
<br />
Catherine Torres, the Department of Health's cabinet secretary. "I<br />
<br />
encourage everyone to follow simple prevention recommendations to keep<br />
<br />
themselves and their families and pets safe."<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Plague, a bacterial disease of rodents, is generally transmitted to<br />
<br />
humans through the bites of infected fleas, but can also be<br />
<br />
transmitted by direct contact with infected animals, including<br />
<br />
rodents, rabbits and pets. "Pets infected with plague are often<br />
<br />
hunters who have eaten an infected rodent or been bitten by a rodent's<br />
<br />
fleas prior to getting ill," said Dr Paul Ettestad, public health<br />
<br />
veterinarian for the Department of Health. "Pets can transport the<br />
<br />
fleas back into the home where they can infect people."<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Symptoms of plague in humans include sudden onset of fever, chills,<br />
<br />
headache, and weakness. In most cases there is a painful swelling of<br />
<br />
the lymph node in the groin, armpit, or neck areas. Plague symptoms in<br />
<br />
cats and dogs are fever, lethargy, and loss of appetite. There may be<br />
<br />
a swelling in the lymph node under the jaw. With prompt diagnosis and<br />
<br />
with appropriate antibiotic treatment, the fatality rate in people and<br />
<br />
pets can be greatly reduced.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
To prevent plague, the Department of Health recommends the<br />
<br />
following:<br />
<br />
- avoid sick or dead rodents and rabbits, and their nests and<br />
<br />
burrows;<br />
<br />
- keep your pets from roaming and hunting, and talk to your<br />
<br />
veterinarian about using an appropriate flea control product;<br />
<br />
- clean up areas near the house where rodents could live, such as<br />
<br />
woodpiles, brush piles, junk, and abandoned vehicles;<br />
<br />
- sick pets should be examined promptly by a veterinarian;<br />
<br />
- see your doctor about any unexplained illness involving a sudden<br />
<br />
and severe fever;<br />
<br />
- put hay, wood, and compost piles as far as possible from your home;<br />
<br />
- don't leave your pet's food and water where mice can get to it.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
In New Mexico, there have been 2 human cases so far in 2011, both<br />
<br />
from Santa Fe County; no human cases in 2010 and 6 human cases of<br />
<br />
plague in 2009: 3 from Santa Fe County, 2 from Bernalillo County and<br />
<br />
one from Sandoval County. One of the Santa Fe County cases was a fatal<br />
<br />
case in an 8-year-old boy. For more information, including fact sheets<br />
<br />
in English and Spanish, go to the Department's website at<br />
<br />
<http: erd="" healthdata="" plague.shtml="" www.health.state.nm.us=""><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
Communicated by:<br />
<br />
HealthMap Alerts via ProMED-mail<br />
<br />
<promed@promedmail.org><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[Rio Rancho in central New Mexico can be located via the<br />
<br />
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map at<br />
<br />
<http: 0*cr="" healthmap.org="" r="">.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Plague, caused by _Yersinia pestis_, is enzootic among rodents in the<br />
<br />
western USA. Humans can be infected through 1) the bite of an infected<br />
<br />
flea carried by a rodent or, rarely, other animals; 2) direct contact<br />
<br />
with contaminated tissues; or 3) in rare cases, inhalation of<br />
<br />
respiratory secretions from infected people or animals.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Plague is a category A potential bioterrorism agent. Human infections<br />
<br />
are rare but can be life-threatening. The plague case-fatality rate<br />
<br />
depends on the clinical presentation (that is, bubonic, septicemic, or<br />
<br />
pneumonic) and timing of antibiotic therapy initiation; if untreated,<br />
<br />
the case-fatality rate is over 50 per cent for bubonic plague and<br />
<br />
approaches 100 per cent for pneumonic plague (1). Rapid laboratory<br />
<br />
identification can help guide therapy.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Domestic cats and dogs can also contract plague from infective fleas.<br />
<br />
They may carry infected fleas home to their owners or, especially<br />
<br />
cats, serve as a direct source of infection. There are many flea<br />
<br />
treatments and repellents appropriate for pets and available. Some<br />
<br />
products may be suitable for dogs but not cats or may be suitable for<br />
<br />
an adult but not a younger animal. Be sure to consult your<br />
<br />
veterinarian, as some products may be toxic to cats, kittens, and<br />
<br />
puppies, even resulting in fatalities.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Clinical signs in pets involve a localized swelling, such as under<br />
<br />
the jaw in cats, but also in the inguinal region or under the front<br />
<br />
leg (the armpit if you will), lethargy, anorexia, and fever. Please<br />
<br />
take your pet to a veterinarian if you notice any abnormalities in<br />
<br />
your pet.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Veterinarians should protect themselves by wearing gloves when<br />
<br />
examining these swellings. A bubo that ruptures may infect the<br />
<br />
veterinarian or even the pet owner if the pet owner is the one<br />
<br />
palpating the swelling.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Another form of the disease is the respiratory form. Cats may acquire<br />
<br />
this form and can spread it to their owners or the veterinarians<br />
<br />
through infected expiratory droplets. People are also prone to the<br />
<br />
respiratory infection as well.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
You should also be aware that the fleas that hitchhike into your home<br />
<br />
via a pet vehicle can also transmit disease to you, the owner or<br />
<br />
caretaker of the pet. Sleeping in the same bed with dogs has been<br />
<br />
associated with plague in enzootic areas (2). Plague patients with no<br />
<br />
history of exposure to rodents can be infected by _Y. pestis_ if their<br />
<br />
pets carry infected rodent fleas into the home. Veterinarians always<br />
<br />
should recommend flea control to dog and cat owners.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
References<br />
<br />
----------<br />
<br />
1. CDC. Human plague -- four states, 2006. MMWR 2006; 55(34): 940-3;<br />
<br />
available at <http: mm5534a4.htm="" mmwr="" mmwrhtml="" preview="" www.cdc.gov="">.<br />
<br />
2. Gould LH, Pape J, Ettestad P, et al: Dog-associated risk factors<br />
<br />
for human plague. Zoonoses Public Health 2008; 55(8-10): 448-54;<br />
<br />
abstract available at <http: 18489541="" pubmed="" www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov="">. -<br />
<br />
Mod.TG]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[see also:<br />
<br />
Plague, animal - USA (03): (CO) 20110612.1792<br />
<br />
Plague, animal - USA (02): (OR) feline 20110610.1773<br />
<br />
Plague - USA (03): (NM) bubonic 20110530.1655<br />
<br />
Plague - USA (02): (NM) bubonic 20110510.1439<br />
<br />
Plague, animal - USA: (NM) canine, feline 20110421.1240<br />
<br />
Plague - USA: (OR), 2010, bubonic, CDC 20110224.0615<br />
<br />
Plague, fatal - USA: (IL), 2009, lab strain, CDC 20110224.061<br />
<br />
Plague - USA: (OR), 2010, bubonic, CDC 20110224.0615<br />
<br />
Plague, fatal - USA: (IL), 2009, lab strain, CDC 20110224.0614<br />
<br />
2010<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
Plague - USA (03): (OR) bubonic 20101004.3597<br />
<br />
Plague - USA (02): (CA) rodent 20100819.2878<br />
<br />
Plague, feline - USA: (MT) 20100807.2693<br />
<br />
Plague - USA: (CA) ground squirrel 20100708.2275<br />
<br />
Plague, canine - USA: (NM) 20100418.1259<br />
<br />
Plague, cougar - USA (WY) 20100208.0429]<br />
<br />
.................................................sb/tg/mj/jw<br />
<br />
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##############################Mz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-40190341783810790592011-06-22T14:25:00.000-04:002011-06-22T14:25:14.975-04:00ANTHRAX, HUMAN / LIVESTOCK (INDIA, SUSPECTED)<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">ANTHRAX, HUMAN, LIVESTOCK - INDIA (05): (ORISSA) SUSPECTED</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">******************************</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><wbr></wbr></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">****************************</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">A ProMED-mail post</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><a href="http://www.promedmail.org/" saprocessedanchor="true" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank">http://www.promedmail.org</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">ProMED-mail is a program of the</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">International Society for Infectious Diseases</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><a href="http://www.isid.org/" saprocessedanchor="true" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank">http://www.isid.org</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Date: Mon 20 Jun 2011</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Source: The Times of India (TOI), Times News Network (TNN) [edited]</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Health-team-to-visit-anthrax-hit-Kandhamal/articleshow/8929437.cms" saprocessedanchor="true" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank">http://timesofindia.<wbr></wbr>indiatimes.com/city/<wbr></wbr>bhubaneswar/Health-team-to-<wbr></wbr>visit-anthrax-hit-Kandhamal/<wbr></wbr>articleshow/8929437.cms</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Health team to visit anthrax-hit Kandhamal</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">------------------------------</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><wbr></wbr></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">-------------</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">The state government on Monday [20 Jun 2011] asked the MKCG Medical</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">College and Hospital, Berhampur, to send a medical team to Kandhamal</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">district where some areas are in the grip of anthrax. This follows the</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">death of a 40 year old man from suspected anthrax on Saturday [18 Jun</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">2011].</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">The blood sample of the deceased tested negative for anthrax. But</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">that may be because he had already taken medicines, [according to]</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">head of state diseases surveillance Dr Bikash Patnaik. 2 out of 9</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">samples taken from the 2 affected villages within Tumudibandh block</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">had "morphologically" tested positive for anthrax. "It appears the</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">disease in Tumudibandh is anthrax," [said] Dr Patnaik. The medical</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">team, including a paediatrician, a medicine specialist, and a</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">microbiologist, among others, will further assess the situation before</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">confirming or ruling out anthrax, Dr Patnaik said.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">RM of Bada Gochhaka village, who was admitted to hospital due to</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">suspected anthrax, died of liver failure, hospital sources said. 15</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">others, including 2 children of Sana Guchhuka and Bada Guchhuka</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">villages, are suffering from suspected anthrax following consumption</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">of rotten meat of cattle and goat.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">"We have tested the blood samples of 16 persons, who were suspected</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">to be suffering from anthrax. While 7 of them were admitted to</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">hospital, 9 samples were collected from the field by the medical staff</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">of Kandhamal," said Dr Preetilata Panda, associate professor,</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">microbiology, of MKCG Medical College and Hospital. Dr Panda sent her</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">report to the health department as well as to Kandhamal district</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">administration on Monday [20 Jun 2011]. Earlier, the veterinary</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">experts have said domestic animals in the area tested negative for</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">anthrax.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Meanwhile, the medical college has discharged all patients who were</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">admitted for anthrax treatment. The anti-anthrax vaccination drive for</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">animals in the area by the animal resources department was on. Chief</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">district veterinary officer of Kandhamal SC Mallick said around 4600</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">animals of 42 villages have been vaccinated so far.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">--</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">communicated by:</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">ProMED-mail</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><a href="mailto:promed@promedmail.org" saprocessedanchor="true" style="color: #0000cc;">promed@promedmail.org</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">[Diagnosing anthrax in humans always presents problems, not least</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">because they frequently self-medicate with antibiotics, so that when</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">they present themselves for examination by a physician or a</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">nurse-practitioner they can be bacteriologically negative though toxin</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">positive. My late and dear friend Benyamin Cherkasskyi in Moscow would</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">tell me that at best he could confirm 30 per cent of cutaneous</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">lesions, essentially by sampling the fluids below the lesion. The</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">other problem is that any contaminated meat in a public health</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">investigation can be long gone by the time the PH investigators are</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">mobilised. And, thirdly, humans and livestock die from many conditions</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">and anthrax incidence is not high on that list.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">My only advice to my medical colleagues is that when they set out on</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">such an endeavor that they include a veterinary epidemiologist so that</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">he or she can be actively tracing back on any speculative sources</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">while they are still warm. Why? Because human anthrax cases,</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">challenging and interesting though they can be, are merely mine</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">canaries for a bigger problem. If it is anthrax, there will have been</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">prior animal cases, which seeded the human cases. By identifying where</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">these animal cases are occurring, preventive action can be put in</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">place and any existing animal health control programmes corrected.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">This will cheaply prevent any more human cases, which incur high costs</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">in treatment and hospitalisation. For example, in this speculative</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">incident there has been one death, 7 hospitalised, and 8 presumably on</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">oral antibiotics, plus all the necessary supportive laboratory work.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Prevention is always cheaper than cure.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of India can be seen at</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><a href="http://healthmap.org/r/0ZiP" saprocessedanchor="true" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank">http://healthmap.org/r/0ZiP</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">>. A map of Orissa showing the location of</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Kandhamal district can be seen at</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><a href="http://www.travelindia-guide.com/maps/east/orissa_map_s.jpg" saprocessedanchor="true" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank">http://www.travelindia-guide.<wbr></wbr>com/maps/east/orissa_map_s.jpg</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><wbr></wbr></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">>. To find</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Berhampur, go to</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><a href="http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/21/Brahmapur.html" saprocessedanchor="true" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank">http://www.fallingrain.com/<wbr></wbr>world/IN/21/Brahmapur.html</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">>. - Mod.MHJ]</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">[see also:</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax, human, livestock - India (04): (OR) 20110620.1887</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax, human, livestock - India (03): (OR) 20110619.1871</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax, human, livestock - India (02): (OR) 20110616.1830</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax, human, livestock - India 20110612.1794</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax - India: (OR), human cases 2002-2010 20110103.0028</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">2010</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">---</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax, human, livestock - India (04): (OR) 20100731.2572</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax, human, livestock - India (02): (OR) 20100611.1963</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax, human, livestock - India: (OR) 20100512.1547</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax, livestock - India: (OR) susp. 20100130.0327</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">2009</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">---</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax - India: (OR) 20091020.3610</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax, human, bovine - India (07): (OR) 20090725.2629</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax, human, bovine - India (06): (OR) 20090702.2390</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax, human, bovine - India (05): (OR) 20090629.2352</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax, human, bovine - India (04): (OR) 20090622.2287</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax, human, bovine - India (03): (OR) 20090615.2216</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax, human - India: (OR) 20090326.1173</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">2008</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">---</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax, human, bovine - India (Orissa) 20080608.1826</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax, human, livestock - India (04): (Orissa) 20080603.1775</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax, bovine - India (02): (Orissa) 20080407.1277</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax, human, livestock - India (03): (AP, Orissa) 20080210.0539</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax, human, livestock - India (02): (AP, Orissa), conf.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">20080206.0489</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax, human, livestock - India: (AP, Orissa) susp. 20080204.0457</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">2007</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">---</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax, human, livestock - India (Orissa) 20070603.1798</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">2003</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">---</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax, human, livestock - India (Orissa) 20030914.2328</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">2001</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">---</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anthrax, human, livestock - India (Orissa) 20010601.1084]</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">..............................</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><wbr></wbr></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">...................sb/mhj/mj/</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><wbr></wbr></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">sh</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">*#############################</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><wbr></wbr></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">#############################*</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">******************************</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><wbr></wbr></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">******************************</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">information, and of any statements or opinions based</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">and its associated service providers shall not be held</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">or archived material.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">******************************</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><wbr></wbr></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">******************************</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Donate to ProMED-mail. Details available at:</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><a href="http://www.isid.org/ProMEDMail_Donations.shtml" saprocessedanchor="true" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank">http://www.isid.org/<wbr></wbr>ProMEDMail_Donations.shtml</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">******************************</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><wbr></wbr></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">******************************</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
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</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">##############################</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><wbr></wbr></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">##############################</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">##############################</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><wbr></wbr></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">##############################</span>Mz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-6456704636199356742011-06-17T10:23:00.002-04:002011-06-17T10:37:02.504-04:00Forensic evidence emerges that European e.Coli SuperBug was bio-engineered to produce human fatalities NaturalNews) Even as the veggie blame game is now under way across the EU, where a super resistant strain of e.coli is sickening patients and filling hospitals in Germany, virtually no one is talking about how e.coli could have magically become resistant to eight different classes of antibiotic drugs and then suddenly appeared in the food supply.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
This particular e.coli variation is a member of the O104 strain, and O104 strains are almost never (normally) resistant to antibiotics. In order for them to acquire this resistance, they must be repeatedly exposed to antibiotics in order to provide the "mutation pressure" that nudges them toward complete drug immunity.<br />
<br />
So if you're curious about the origins of such a strain, you can essentially reverse engineer the genetic code of the e.coli and determine fairly accurately which antibiotics it was exposed to during its development. This step has now been done (see below), and when you look at the genetic decoding of this O104 strain now threatening food consumers across the EU, a fascinating picture emerges of how it must have come into existence.<br />
<br />
Full article; http://www.naturalnews.com/032622_ecoli_bioengineering.html#ixzz1PXn1SG00 <a href="http://www.naturalnews.com/032622_ecoli_bioengineering.html">http://www.naturalnews.com/032622_ecoli_bioengineering.html</a>Mz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-85137962774331814012011-05-22T19:35:00.002-04:002011-05-22T19:35:18.183-04:00BOVINE DISEASES - AUSTRALIA: EMERGING*************************************<br />
A ProMED-mail post<br />
<http://www.promedmail.org><br />
ProMED-mail is a program of the<br />
International Society for Infectious Diseases<br />
<http://www.isid.org><br />
<br />
Date: Wed 18 May 2011<br />
Source: Warwick Daily News [edited]<br />
<http://www.warwickdailynews.com.au/story/2011/05/18/emerging-diseases-threaten-dairy-industry-cattle/><br />
<br />
<br />
Four emerging cattle diseases are threatening Australian dairy herds,<br />
according to one of Australia's top cattle veterinary experts. Cattle<br />
veterinarian Dr Rob Bonanno will focus on 4 emerging cattle diseases<br />
when he addresses the Australian Veterinary Association's Annual<br />
Conference in Adelaide this week [15-20 May 2011].<br />
<br />
"These 4 new diseases are a fatal cattle liver disease [acute bovine<br />
liver disease] thought to be caused by an annual grass and a plant<br />
fungus, lameness caused by hairy heel warts [digital dermatitis],<br />
haemorrhagic bowel syndrome, and the growing issue of zinc toxicity,"<br />
Dr Bonanno said.<br />
<br />
"Many of these new cattle diseases have become increasingly common<br />
due to the extremely wet weather conditions we have been having in<br />
recent months. A trend towards larger herd sizes is also correlated<br />
with many emerging diseases of importance."<br />
<br />
Acute bovine liver disease (ABLD)<br />
---------------------------------<br />
has been recorded in Western Australia, South Australia, Tasmania,<br />
and Victoria and it is not clear if it is associated with warm, humid<br />
conditions and the presence of an annual grass called rough dog's<br />
tail.<br />
<br />
Digital dermatitis or hairy heel wart<br />
-------------------------------------<br />
has become one of the leading causes of lameness in confinement dairy<br />
herds in North America and Europe and is being diagnosed increasingly<br />
in Australia, especially on farms that have adopted intensive systems<br />
of production. The disease is caused by exposure of the feet to a<br />
slurry of manure resulting from poor drainage or poor hygiene<br />
protocols, damage caused by rough flooring, or poor pathways and muddy<br />
conditions.<br />
<br />
Haemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS)<br />
---------------------------------<br />
is being reported with increasing frequency in lactating dairy cattle<br />
in recent years. This sometimes presents as a cause of sudden death,<br />
but also sudden milk drop, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite. The<br />
exact cause is not known but risk factors may include rumen and post<br />
rumen acidosis and fungal and bacterial infections.<br />
<br />
Zinc toxicity<br />
-------------<br />
is rarely seen in Australia, but can be a symptom of the use of<br />
excessive supplementation in the diet to prevent facial eczema, or<br />
zinc sulphate contamination of feed. Signs can include anorexia,<br />
diarrhoea, chronic constipation, and reduced milk yields.<br />
<br />
Dr Bonanno says removal of animals from affected paddocks when the<br />
1st signs of disease appear is critical to prevent new cases and to<br />
limit the toxic damage to mildly affected animals, with "aggressive<br />
early treatment" able to save many cows.<br />
<br />
--<br />
Communicated by:<br />
ProMED-mail<br />
<promed@promedmail.org><br />
<br />
[The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Australia can be seen<br />
at <http://healthmap.org/r/00cS>. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]<br />
<br />
[Acute Bovine Liver Disease (ABLD)<br />
----------------------------------<br />
This is a very severe liver condition, the cause remains elusive.<br />
Previously known as phytotoxic hepatitis, acute bovine liver disease<br />
(ABLD) is a disease of beef and dairy cattle. As the name implies,<br />
this is an acute disease with a sudden onset and clinical signs are<br />
most often related to the liver. While it can and does affect cattle<br />
of any age, it is most often seen in animals over 6 months of age.<br />
Those herds of highest risk tend to be the larger herds.<br />
<br />
In the case of those that do not die immediately, clinical signs<br />
observed are related to photosensitization -- a severe type of<br />
sunburn. There are two types of photosensitization: one is primary,<br />
where the agent causing photosensitization does not affect the liver;<br />
the second form is where the agents causing photosensitization are not<br />
removed by the liver because the liver is damaged and cannot remove<br />
them. The cattle are agitated, distressed, possibly due to pain of the<br />
sunburn and will seek shade. The sunburn occurs on udders, muzzles,<br />
vulvas, the base of horns and other light skinned areas of the body<br />
such as white faces or legs. These animals are usually depressed,<br />
often with a fever and frequently with a drop in milk production.<br />
There are a few animals that survive; recovery is prolonged and<br />
infection in the infected skin and udders (mastitis) requires<br />
treatment. Anti-inflamatories, antibiotics and treatment for mastitis<br />
are required. The earlier treatment is provided the better the chances<br />
for survival, however long recovery may be.<br />
<br />
Rough Dog’s Tail (_Cynosurus echinatus_) is an annual grass that<br />
has been associated with ABLD. What is unknown is whether this is an<br />
indicator of some factor or whether the plant is directly involved.<br />
The plant is not known to be toxic. Warm moist times of the year also<br />
seem to have more cases of ABLD.<br />
<br />
Hairy heel warts (HHW)<br />
----------------------<br />
There are some factors that seem to be common among dairies with this<br />
syndrome: herds larger than 200-500 cows; muddy holding pens; and<br />
purchased replacement heifers. The therapy of choice is topical<br />
oxytetracycline with precautions taken to prevent antibiotic residue<br />
in milk or meat. Footbaths commonly are used in herds with HHW but are<br />
not as effective as topical antibiotics.<br />
<br />
Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS)<br />
--------------------------------<br />
This is an acute enteritis with an 80-100 percent mortality. The<br />
bacterium _Clostridium perfringens_ and the fungus _Aspergillus<br />
fumigatus_ have both been implicated in the cause of HBS, but neither<br />
can be linked definitively or consistently to the condition. Acute<br />
signs of HBS include profound depression, tachycardia (rapid heart<br />
rate), decreased milk production, abdominal distension, ruminal<br />
stasis, and dark clotted blood in the feces. Segmental lesions<br />
localized to the jejunum are observed at necropsy. Affected areas of<br />
jejunum contain frank hemorrhage with rapid to immediate clotting,<br />
which forms functional occlusion of the lumen of the small intestine.<br />
Treatment of acutely affected cows with supportive care (fluids,<br />
anti-inflammatories, dextrose] and antimicrobial agents has generally<br />
been ineffective. Common risk factors include season of the year, some<br />
geographical locations, usually the 2nd lactation, and larger herd<br />
sizes.<br />
<br />
Zinc intoxication<br />
-----------------<br />
Clinical signs vary based on the duration and degree of exposure.<br />
Signs in cattle include a decrease in weight gain, possibly from mild<br />
anorexia, and a decrease in milk production. - Mod.TG]<br />
<br />
[Photo of hairy heel wart:<br />
<http://www.livestockconcepts.com/img/p/2342-3716-thickbox.jpg><br />
Image ofRough Dog’s Tail grass (_Cynosurus echinatus_) at:<br />
http://lv-twk.oekosys.tu-berlin.de/project/amanos/plantfamilies/images/Graminae/Cynosurus-echinatus_IMGP7982.jpg><br />
- Mod.JW]<br />
<br />
[see also:<br />
2009<br />
----<br />
Acute bovine liver disease - Australia: (TS) 20090418.1468]<br />
....................................................................sb/tg/mj/ejp/jw<br />
*##########################################################*<br />
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############################################################Mz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-67395203336047715492011-05-22T04:07:00.000-04:002011-05-22T04:07:57.565-04:00ANTHRAX, HUMAN, 2001 - USA (03): MORE QUESTIONSANTHRAX, HUMAN, 2001 - USA (03): MORE QUESTIONS - An Innocent Man Blamed?<br />
************************************************<br />
A ProMED-mail post<br />
<http://www.promedmail.org><br />
ProMED-mail is a program of the<br />
International Society for Infectious Diseases<br />
<http://www.isid.org><br />
<br />
Date: Thu 19 May 2011<br />
Source: McClatchy Newspapers [edited]<br />
<http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2011/05/19/114467/fbi-lab-reports-on-anthrax-attacks.html><br />
<br />
<br />
Buried in FBI laboratory reports about the anthrax mail attacks that<br />
killed 5 people in 2001 is data suggesting that a chemical may have<br />
been added to try to heighten the powder's potency, a move that some<br />
experts say exceeded the expertise of the presumed killer. The lab<br />
data, contained in more than 9000 pages of files that emerged a year<br />
after the Justice Department closed its inquiry and condemned the late<br />
Army microbiologist Bruce Ivins as the perpetrator, shows unusual<br />
levels of silicon and tin in anthrax powder from 2 of the 5 letters.<br />
Those elements are found in compounds that could be used to weaponize<br />
the anthrax, enabling the lethal spores to float easily so they could<br />
be readily inhaled by the intended victims, scientists say.<br />
<br />
The existence of the silicon-tin chemical signature offered<br />
investigators the possibility of tracing purchases of the more than<br />
100 such chemical products available before the attacks, which might<br />
have produced hard evidence against Ivins or led the agency to the<br />
real culprit. But the FBI lab reports released in late February [2011]<br />
give no hint that bureau agents tried to find the buyers of additives<br />
such as tin-catalyzed silicone polymers.<br />
<br />
The apparent failure of the FBI to pursue this avenue of<br />
investigation raises the ominous possibility that the killer is still<br />
on the loose.<br />
<br />
A McClatchy analysis of the records also shows that other key<br />
scientific questions were left unresolved and conflicting data wasn't<br />
sorted out when the FBI declared Ivins the killer shortly after his<br />
[29 Jul 2008], suicide. One chemist at a national laboratory told<br />
McClatchy that the tin-silicone findings and the contradictory data<br />
should prompt a new round of testing on the anthrax powder. A senior<br />
federal law enforcement official, who was made available only on the<br />
condition of anonymity, said the FBI had ordered exhaustive tests on<br />
the possible sources of silicon in the anthrax and concluded that it<br />
wasn't added. Instead, the lab found that it's common for anthrax<br />
spores to incorporate environmental silicon and oxygen into their<br />
coatings as a "natural phenomenon" that doesn't affect the spores'<br />
behavior, the official said.<br />
<br />
To arrive at that position, however, the FBI had to discount its own<br />
bulk testing results showing that silicon composed an extraordinary<br />
10.8 percent of a sample from a mailing to the New York Post and as<br />
much as 1.8 percent of the anthrax from a letter sent to Democratic<br />
Sen. Patrick Leahy of Vermont, far more than the occasional trace<br />
contamination. Tin -- not usually seen in anthrax powder at all -- was<br />
measured at 0.65 percent and 0.2 percent, respectively, in those<br />
letters. An FBI spokesman declined to comment on the presence of tin<br />
or to answer other questions about the silicon-tin connection.<br />
<br />
Several scientists and former colleagues of Ivins argue that he was a<br />
career biologist who probably lacked the chemistry knowledge and<br />
skills to concoct a silicon-based additive. "There's no way that an<br />
individual scientist can invent a new way of making anthrax using<br />
silicon and tin," said Stuart Jacobsen, a Texas-based analytical<br />
chemist for an electronics company who's closely studied the FBI lab<br />
results. "It requires an institutional effort to do this, such as at a<br />
military lab." Martin Hugh-Jones, a world-renowned anthrax expert who<br />
teaches veterinary medicine at Louisiana State University, called it<br />
"just bizarre" that the labs found both tin -- which can be toxic to<br />
bacteria such as anthrax during lab culturing -- and silicon. "You<br />
have 2 elements at abnormally high levels," Hugh-Jones said. "That<br />
reduces your probability to a very small number that it's an<br />
accident."<br />
<br />
The silicon-tin connection wasn't the only lead left open.... In<br />
April [2011], McClatchy reported that after locking in on Ivins in<br />
2007, the bureau stopped searching for a match to a unique genetic<br />
bacterial strain scientists had found in the anthrax that was mailed<br />
to the Post and to NBC News anchor Tom Brokaw, although a senior<br />
bureau official had characterized it as the hottest clue to date. FBI<br />
officials say it's all a moot point, because they're positive they got<br />
the right man in Ivins. A mentally troubled anthrax researcher at the<br />
US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases [USAMRIID]<br />
at Fort Detrick, Maryland, Ivins overdosed on drugs not long after<br />
learning that he'd soon face 5 counts of capital murder.<br />
<br />
In ending the inquiry last year [2010], the Justice Department said<br />
that a genetic fingerprint had pointed investigators to Ivins' lab,<br />
and gumshoe investigative techniques enabled them to compile<br />
considerable circumstantial evidence that demonstrated his guilt.<br />
Among these proofs, prosecutors cited Ivins' alleged attempt to steer<br />
investigators away from a flask of anthrax in his lab that genetically<br />
matched the mailed powder -- anthrax that had been shared with other<br />
researchers. They also noted his anger over a looming congressional<br />
cut in funds for his research on a new anthrax vaccine. However, the<br />
FBI never found hard evidence that Ivins produced the anthrax or that<br />
he scrawled threatening letters seemingly meant to resemble those of<br />
Islamic terrorists. Or that he secretly took late-night drives to<br />
Princeton, New Jersey, to mail them. The FBI declared Ivins the killer<br />
soon after paying USD 5.8 million to settle a suit filed by another<br />
former USAMRIID researcher, Steven Hatfill, whom the agency mistakenly<br />
had targeted earlier in its investigation.<br />
<br />
The letters, mailed just weeks after the [11 Sep 2001] terrorist<br />
attacks, not only went to the New York Post, Leahy, and Brokaw, but<br />
also to American Media Inc. in Boca Raton, Florida, and to Democratic<br />
then-Sen Tom Daschle of South Dakota. 5 people died, 17 were sickened,<br />
and about 31 000 were forced to take powerful antibiotics for weeks.<br />
Crews wearing moon suits spent several weeks eradicating the spores<br />
from a Senate office building and a central Postal Service facility in<br />
Washington.<br />
<br />
The FBI guarded its laboratory's finding of 10.8 percent silicon in<br />
the Post letter for years. New York Democratic Rep. Jerrold Nadler<br />
asked FBI Director Robert Mueller how much silicon was in the Post and<br />
Leahy letters at a hearing before the House Judiciary Committee in<br />
September 2008. The Justice Department responded 7 months later that<br />
silicon made up 1.4 percent of the Leahy powder (without disclosing<br />
the 1.8 percent reading) and that "a reliable quantitative measurement<br />
was not possible" for the Post letter. The bureau's conclusions that<br />
silicon was absorbed naturally drew a gentle challenge in February<br />
from a panel of the National Academy of Sciences, which evaluated the<br />
investigation's lab work.<br />
<br />
While finding no evidence that silicon had been added to the mailed<br />
anthrax, the panel noted deep in its report that the FBI had provided<br />
"no compelling explanation" for conflicts in silicon test results<br />
between the Sandia National Laboratories and its own lab. Sandia --<br />
which used electron microscopes, unlike the FBI -- reported only 1/10<br />
as much silicon in the New York Post letter as the bureau's lab did.<br />
Sandia said it was all embedded in the spore coatings, where it wasn't<br />
harmful. The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology ran a 3rd set of<br />
tests and found pockets of heavy silica concentrations, but it<br />
couldn't say whether they were inside or outside the spores.<br />
<br />
Jacobsen, the Texas chemist, suspects that the silica pockets<br />
represented excess material that went through a chemical reaction and<br />
hardened before it could penetrate the spores.<br />
<br />
The National Academy of Sciences panel wrote that the varying<br />
composition of the powder might have accounted for the differing<br />
findings. While finding no evidence that silicon was added, the panel<br />
said it "cannot rule out the intentional addition of a silicon-based<br />
substance ... in a failed attempt to enhance dispersion" of the New<br />
York Post powder. Tufts University chemistry professor David Walt, who<br />
led the panel's analysis of the silicon issue, said in a phone<br />
interview that "there was not enough silicon in the spores that could<br />
account for the total silicon content of the bulk analysis." He said<br />
it was unclear whether the "trace" levels of tin were significant.<br />
<br />
During the FBI's 7-year hunt, the Department of Homeland Security<br />
commissioned a team of chemists at the Lawrence Livermore National<br />
Laboratory in California to grow anthrax-like spores under varying<br />
conditions to see how much silicon would end up naturally in the final<br />
product. They found little, if any, silicon in most cases, far less<br />
than was in the New York Post letter, said Stephan Velsko, one of the<br />
2 researchers. He called the tin readings from the FBI's anthrax data<br />
"baffling." Peter Weber, Velsko's co-researcher, said the academy<br />
panel's focus on the conflicting data "raises a big question," and<br />
"it'd be really helpful for closure of this case if that was<br />
resolved." He suggested that further "micro-analysis" with a highly<br />
sophisticated electron microscope could "pop the question marks really<br />
quickly." In a chapter in a recently updated book, "Microbial<br />
Forensics," Velsko wrote that the anthrax "must have indeed been<br />
produced under an unusual set of conditions" to create such high<br />
silicon counts. That scenario, he cautioned, might not be "consistent<br />
with the prosecution narrative in this case."<br />
<br />
About 100 tin-catalyzed silicone products are on the market, and an<br />
even wider array was available in 2000 and 2001, before the mailings,<br />
said Richie Ashburn, a vice president of one manufacturer, Silicones<br />
Inc., in High Point, North Carolina. Mike Wilson, a chemist for<br />
another silicone products maker, SiVance, in Gainesville, Florida,<br />
said that numerous silicon products could be used to make spores or<br />
other particles water-repellent. He also said that the ratios of<br />
silicon to tin found in the Post and Leahy samples would be "about<br />
right" if a tin-catalyzed silicone had been added to the spores.<br />
<br />
Jacobsen, a Scottish-born and -educated chemist who once experimented<br />
with silicon coatings on dust particles, said he got interested in the<br />
spore chemistry after hearing rumors in late 2001 that a US military<br />
facility had made the killer potions. He called it "outrageous" that<br />
the scientific issues haven't been addressed. "America, the most<br />
advanced country in the world, and the FBI have every resource<br />
available to them," he said. "And yet they have no compelling<br />
explanation for not properly analyzing the biggest forensic clue in<br />
the most important investigation the FBI labs had ever gotten in their<br />
history."<br />
<br />
As a result of Ivins' death and the unanswered scientific issues,<br />
Congress' investigative arm, the Government Accountability Office, is<br />
investigating the FBI's handling of the anthrax inquiry.<br />
<br />
[Byline: Greg Gordon, Tish Wells contributed]<br />
<br />
--<br />
Communicated by:<br />
ProMED-mail<br />
<promed@promedmail.org><br />
<br />
<br />
[This report is parallel to the evidence we -- Barbara Rosenberg,<br />
Stuart Jacobsen, and myself -- submitted to the NAS (National Academy<br />
of Sciences) committee last summer (2010). A fuller version is in the<br />
final stages of preparation for submission to a suitable journal. The<br />
sad part about this is that Sandia provided the FBI with key evidence<br />
on the levels of silicone in letter-content spores in late October<br />
2001. If the latter had had the wit to follow up on it at that time<br />
all this would be history and the true perpetrator(s) suitably dealt<br />
with. Also tracking past sales of silane and siloxane chemicals to<br />
institutes and agencies handling _Bacillus anthracis_ would have<br />
produced a short list for immediate visits and interviews by FBI<br />
agents with search warrants, and then the names of who would have had<br />
access to the products of their polymerization research. - Mod.MHJ]<br />
<br />
[see also:<br />
Anthrax, human, 2001 - USA (02): ongoing questions 20110223.0601<br />
Anthrax, human, 2001 - USA: Nat'l Research Council rep.<br />
20110216.0511<br />
2010<br />
----<br />
Anthrax, human, 2001 - USA (06) 20100921.3407<br />
Anthrax, human, 2001 - USA (05) 20100424.1326<br />
Anthrax, human, 2001 - USA (04) 20100324.0933<br />
Anthrax, human, 2001 - USA (03) 20100305.0727<br />
Anthrax, human, 2001 - USA (02): FBI case closed 20100219.0575<br />
Anthrax, human, 2001 - USA 20100125.0281<br />
2009<br />
----<br />
Anthrax, human, 2001 - USA (03): NAS review 20090507.1707]<br />
.......................................................................mhj/mj/jw<br />
*##########################################################*<br />
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############################################################Mz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-60499367215786773712011-05-20T11:05:00.000-04:002011-05-20T11:05:33.032-04:00"Whirling Disease" Spreads to Utah, Md. Waterways, Killing Off US FishWHIRLING DISEASE, SALMONIDS - USA (UTAH, MARYLAND)<br />
**************************************************<br />
A ProMED-mail post<br />
<http://www.promedmail.org><br />
ProMED-mail is a program of the<br />
International Society for Infectious Diseases<br />
<http://www.isid.org><br />
<br />
In this posting:<br />
[1] Utah: kokanee salmon<br />
[2] Maryland: rainbow trout<br />
<br />
******<br />
[1] Utah: kokanee salmon<br />
Date: Wed 18 May 2011<br />
Source: The Salt Lake Tribune [edited]<br />
<http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/outdoors/51811862-117/salmon-disease-gorge-kokanee.html.csp><br />
<br />
<br />
Flaming Gorge Reservoir. Add yet another name to the list of<br />
predators chasing kokanee salmon at Flaming Gorge Reservoir and its<br />
tributaries. But unlike other fish, this new threat can't be seen<br />
coming because it is microscopic.<br />
<br />
Kokanee salmon [aka sockeye or red salmon] have joined the list of<br />
fish species in the state infected with whirling disease. The<br />
discovery came last fall [2010] during an annual disease<br />
certification, when 9 of the 60 fish pulled from Sheep Creek -- a<br />
popular spawning run for the introduced and non-native salmon -- came<br />
up with spores from the whirling disease parasite.<br />
<br />
"This was just another blow to kokanee that we didn't need," said<br />
Ryan Mosley, Flaming Gorge project leader for the Utah Division of<br />
Wildlife Resources (DWR).<br />
Whirling disease attacks juvenile trout and salmon and can lead to<br />
deformities and death.<br />
<br />
The kokanee at the Gorge already have a number of serious threats.<br />
Lake trout, another non-native species, dine on the salmon, and<br />
burbot, a ferocious and illegally introduced predator, recently<br />
entered the reservoir and also have a major craving for kokanee. Even<br />
mammals are in on the dining. Otters in Flaming Gorge have discovered<br />
the salmon in Sheep Creek are pretty easy pickings when they are in<br />
the river to spawn.<br />
<br />
Of course, humans also enjoy fishing salmon for dinner. A large<br />
percentage of anglers make the Gorge fishery their destination<br />
specifically because of the salmon.<br />
"40 percent of the anglers in the summer are after kokanee," Mosley<br />
said. State biologists are not sure what the discovery of the whirling<br />
disease spore means to the kokanee population at Flaming Gorge, as<br />
there is not a lot of documented research on the impact the disease<br />
has on salmon.<br />
<br />
However, there is another known salmon population infected with<br />
whirling in Utah. Many feared the kokanee in Cache County's Porcupine<br />
Reservoir could be wiped out by whirling disease, but the salmon have<br />
held on at the reservoir. A large number of the salmon in Flaming<br />
Gorge are a result of natural recruitment -- adults spawning and their<br />
offspring surviving. The fish in Sheep Creek contribute only 5 percent<br />
of that recruitment and the rest comes from kokanee that spawn in the<br />
lake. Fish in lakes do not seem as susceptible to the whirling disease<br />
parasite as those in streams and rivers.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, the DWR [Division of Wildlife Resources], in conjunction<br />
with Wyoming Fish and Game, tries to augment the natural population by<br />
stocking between 600 000 and 1.2 million salmon.<br />
<br />
One other major concern is downstream from Flaming Gorge. <b>The Green<br />
River, a blue ribbon trout fishery recognized across the world, is now<br />
likely to eventually be diagnosed with the disease.<br />
<br />
</b>However, because the majority of fish in the river are brown trout --<br />
which are resilient to the malady -- and the rainbows in the river are<br />
planted from hatcheries, the impact could be minimal.<br />
<br />
"Whirling disease has not been the end of everything as many feared<br />
could happen," Mosley said. "We have been pretty fortunate with it.<br />
<br />
"Other states have had to deal with major impacts. I'm optimistic we<br />
will make it through this. Hopefully, we don't see any major impacts<br />
in either fishery."<br />
<br />
[Byline: Brett Prettyman]<br />
<br />
--<br />
Communicated by:<br />
HealthMap Alerts via ProMED-mail<br />
<promed@promedmail.org><br />
<br />
[The state of Utah and Flaming Gorge Reservoir can be located on the<br />
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map at<br />
<http://healthmap.org/r/0RJ0>.<br />
<br />
Photos of kokanee salmon can be seen at<br />
<http://fishwithjd.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/Koke-Buck.jpg> and<br />
<http://www.scn.org/savelake/NL.Spring.2004/NL.Spring.2004_files/kokanee.salmon.jpg>.<br />
- Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]<br />
<br />
******<br />
[2] Maryland: rainbow trout<br />
Date: Thu 19 May 2011<br />
Source: The Bay Net [edited]<br />
<http://www.thebaynet.com/news/index.cfm/fa/viewStory/story_ID/22514/d/05192011><br />
<br />
<br />
The Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) has confirmed the<br />
presence of whirling disease in a delivery of 8000 commercially<br />
produced rainbow trout stocked in several Western Maryland streams.<br />
These fish are safe to consume, as the disease does not harm humans.<br />
<br />
"While we believe this event represents a low risk, DNR considers the<br />
health of Maryland's trout streams and populations a key priority,"<br />
said Fisheries Service Director Tom O'Connell. "Our goal is to<br />
eventually raise all stocked trout within DNR hatcheries. We are<br />
currently developing several new opportunities to expand our hatchery<br />
resources, which will allow us to rigorously monitor and control fish<br />
health issues."<br />
<br />
On 11 May 2011, DNR staff observed suspicious behavior in fish that<br />
had been stocked in the North Branch Delayed Harvest Area, Evitts<br />
Creek, Jennings Run, and Sidling Hill Creek. They immediately ceased<br />
stocking activities and took samples for testing. Results of this<br />
sampling confirmed the presence of whirling disease.<br />
<br />
The whirling disease parasite was introduced into the eastern United<br />
States from Europe in the late 1950s and is currently known to exist<br />
in 24 states. It was first discovered in Maryland in 1995 in the North<br />
Branch Potomac River. Although harmless to humans, the parasite can be<br />
fatal to trout and is particularly harmful to rainbow trout. DNR is<br />
continuing further testing to investigate this outbreak and working<br />
with the <b>vendor in question </b>to determine why potentially diseased fish may have been delivered. DNR will accept no fish from this vendor<br />
pending the results of this assessment.<br />
<br />
DNR established an ongoing disease monitoring program on trout<br />
streams in 2007. Although whirling disease was introduced to several<br />
watersheds in fall 2006, test results have shown that it has not<br />
become established in any areas except the North Branch of the Potomac<br />
River. Regular monitoring and Maryland's past experience and enhanced<br />
understanding of the disease life cycle suggest that the risk of<br />
disease to wild trout populations from this introduction may be low.<br />
However, as a precaution, DNR biologists will conduct additional<br />
disease sampling of adults and sentinel fingerlings over the next<br />
several years.<br />
<br />
DNR hatchery resources cannot meet all the demand for stocked trout,<br />
so commercially produced fish are used to supplement spring trout<br />
stocking. Vendors that supply fish to the State are required to be<br />
certified disease free for 3 years. In order to meet spring stocking<br />
goals, DNR is reallocating rigorously tested DNR hatchery produced<br />
fish originally slated for fall stocking.<br />
<br />
DNR annually stocks approximately 328 000 fish for the spring trout<br />
season. DNR reminds anglers to help prevent the spread of disease and<br />
invasive organisms by cleaning boots and equipment thoroughly after<br />
fishing. Most importantly, do not move fish from one stream to another<br />
or discard carcasses in streams or on stream banks.<br />
<br />
A brochure on whirling disease is available at<br />
<http://dnr.maryland.gov/fisheries/pdfs/wd_brochure.pdf>.<br />
<br />
--<br />
Communicated by:<br />
ProMED-mail<br />
<promed@promedmail.org><br />
<br />
[The state of Maryland can be located on the HealthMap/ProMED-mail<br />
interactive map at <http://healthmap.org/r/0RJ1>.<br />
<br />
Photos of rainbow trout can be seen at<br />
<http://bss.sfsu.edu/holzman/courses/fall01%20projects/rainbowtrout%20fig2.jpg><br />
and<br />
<http://www.columbusaudubon.org/production/images/stories/conservation/rainbow_trout.jpg>.<br />
- Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]<br />
<br />
[Whirling disease affects fish in the trout and salmon [Salmonid]<br />
family. By damaging cartilage, whirling disease can kill young fish<br />
directly, or cause infected fish to swim in an uncontrolled whirling<br />
motion. This can make it impossible for them to escape predators or to<br />
effectively seek food.<br />
<br />
Whirling disease is caused by a microscopic parasite called<br />
_Myxobolus cerebralis_. The parasite was introduced to the United<br />
States from Europe in the 1950s and has spread to many streams across<br />
the country. The whirling disease parasite has been found in wild fish<br />
and fish hatcheries in 25 states.<br />
<br />
Once established in a stream, the parasite cannot be eradicated, nor<br />
can its worm host, without significantly damaging the ecosystem.<br />
Whirling disease has no known human health effects. Currently there is<br />
no known treatment for affected fish. However, practice management in<br />
hatcheries can reduce the risk.<br />
<br />
The disease does not affect humans, only fish in the trout and salmon<br />
family. The infective stage of the parasite can penetrate human skin<br />
and tissues but it does not survive at a human's natural body<br />
temperature. Therefore the disease is harmless to humans and even if<br />
an infected fish is consumed, it will not affect humans.<br />
<br />
The disease can be quite devastating to fish and is a concern for all<br />
when it is found in a body of water. Anglers can help by disinfecting<br />
boats, boots, lines, live-wells, and other equipment prior to arrival<br />
at a new/different body of water.<br />
<br />
Portions of this comment were extracted from<br />
<http://whirlingdisease.montana.edu/>. - Mod.TG]<br />
<br />
[see also: other usa outbreaks <br />
2007<br />
----<br />
Whirling disease, fish - USA (AK) 20070606.1826<br />
Whirling disease, fish - USA (MD) (03) 20070505.1454<br />
Whirling Disease, fish - USA (MD) (02) 20070217.0598<br />
Whirling disease, fish - USA (MD) 20070215.0571<br />
2006<br />
----<br />
Whirling disease, fish - USA (UT) 20061214.3517<br />
Whirling disease, fish - USA (OR): transmission 20061105.3175<br />
2005<br />
----<br />
Whirling disease, fish hatchery - USA (UT) 20050429.1194<br />
2003<br />
----<br />
Whirling disease, trout - USA (Wyoming) 20030228.0495<br />
2002<br />
----<br />
Whirling disease, trout - USA (Montana) 20021012.5534<br />
Whirling disease, trout - USA (Utah) 20020711.4724<br />
Whirling disease, trout - USA: resistance 20020326.3820<br />
2001<br />
----<br />
Whirling disease, trout - USA (Utah) 20010209.0263<br />
Whirling disease, trout - USA (Wyoming) 20010105.0041<br />
2000<br />
----<br />
Whirling disease, trout - USA (New York) 20001122.2028<br />
Whirling disease, trout hatchery - USA (Wyoming) (02) 20000605.0902<br />
Whirling disease, trout hatcheries - USA (Wyoming) 20000517.0774<br />
Whirling disease, trout - USA (Utah) 20000421.0592<br />
Whirling disease - USA (New Mexico) 20000117.0063]<br />
.................................................sb/tg/mj/jw<br />
*##########################################################*<br />
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are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the<br />
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thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in<br />
using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID<br />
and its associated service providers shall not be held<br />
responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any<br />
damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted<br />
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Reply Reply to all ForwardMz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-74998753031238727462011-04-30T23:11:00.004-04:002011-04-30T23:19:34.291-04:00HANTAVIRUS UPDATE 2011 - AMERICAS (24) ARGENTINA (1) CHILE (5) USA (4)Korean hemorrhagic fever (Hantavirus) was one of three hemorrhagic fevers and one of more than a dozen agents that the United States researched as potential biological weapons before suspending its biological weapons program.<br />
*************************************************************<br />
A ProMED-mail post<br />
<http://www.promedmail.org><br />
ProMED-mail is a program of the<br />
International Society for Infectious Diseases<br />
<http://www.isid.org><br />
<br />
In this update:<br />
[1] Argentina (Santa Fe)<br />
[2] Chile (Los Rios)<br />
[3] Chile (Araucania)<br />
[4] USA (Montana)<br />
<br />
******<br />
[1] Argentina (Santa Fe)<br />
Date: Fri 29 Apr 2011<br />
Source: Diario Victoria [in Spanish, trans. & summ, Mod.TY, edited]<br />
<http://www.diariovictoria.com.ar/2011/04/desde-santa-fe-aseguran-que-es-hantavirus-la-enfermedad-que-provoco-la-muerte-de-dos-personas/><br />
<br />
<br />
Following up on another fatal victim, a young man from Granadero<br />
Baigorria, Rosario municipal health [office]stated that the initial<br />
tests indicate that he was infected by [a] hantavirus and not by<br />
leptospirosis. On Tuesday [26 Apr 2011] the 28-year-old man from<br />
Granadero Baigorria who worked as a shepherd in a wetland farm, died<br />
after 2 agonizing days in a Rosario hospital, according to the Santa<br />
Fe Director of Epidemiology, Julio Befani.<br />
<br />
According to the Director's statement, the youth was taken 1st on<br />
Tuesday [26 Apr 2011] to the Alberdi de Rosario Hospital and from<br />
there was referred to the Clemente Alvarez [facility] where death<br />
occurred. [Benfani] clarified [the situation] that the cause of death<br />
has not yet been established, and that laboratory samples were sent<br />
for testing and final classification at the Instituto Maiztegui in<br />
Santa Fe. "We only know that he [the patient] was admitted with a<br />
febrile syndrome compatible with [a] hantavirus or leptospirosis<br />
[infection], but as of now we do not have [laboratory] results so we<br />
are not sure if he died of one or the other disease."<br />
<br />
For another case, the Director of Epidemiology of the Rosario office,<br />
Lelio Mangiaterra, stated that the tests for a 24-year-old person from<br />
Siete Colinas, who died last week [week of 17 Apr 2011] revealed that<br />
the death was caused by [a] hantavirus [infection].<br />
<br />
Mangiaterra explained that the spread of these diseases is<br />
multicausal. "It is due to environmental conditions and the confluence<br />
of rodents on the island [such as] the increase in the river [level],<br />
an ecological phenomenon such as decreases in predators, or absence of<br />
fires. It is important to note that the focus [of transmission] is not<br />
in an urban environment."<br />
<br />
--<br />
Communicated by:<br />
HealthMap Alerts vis ProMED-mail<br />
<promed@promedmail.org><br />
<br />
[Several hantaviruses have been associated with human infection in<br />
Argentina: Andes virus (western Argentina, in the long-tailed pygmy<br />
rice rat host, _Oligoryzomys longicaudatus_); related Andes-like<br />
viruses Hu39694 (in central Argentina; rodent host unknown);<br />
Lechiguana (in central Argentina in the yellow pygmy rice rat _O.<br />
flavescens_); Oran (in northwestern Argentina in _O. longicaudatus_);<br />
and Bermejo (western Argentina in _O. flavescens_) virus. This case<br />
may have been caused by Lechiguana virus infection, but without<br />
laboratory confirmation, it is not possible to say with certainty.<br />
<br />
An image of _O. flavescens_ can be accessed at<br />
<http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/imgs/512x768/0000_0000/1109/0302.jpeg><br />
<br />
[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Argentina showing the<br />
location of Granadero Baigorria in Santa Fe province can be accessed<br />
at<br />
<http://healthmap.org/r/0MHM> - Mod.TY]<br />
<br />
******<br />
[2] Chile (Los Rios)<br />
Date: Wed 27 Apr 2011<br />
Source: EMOL [in Spanish, trans. & summ. Mod.TY edited]<br />
<http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/detalle/detallenoticias.asp?idnoticia=478296><br />
<br />
<br />
A 45-year-old individual from Frutillare would be the 4th case of [a]<br />
hantavirus [infection] registered in the Los Rios region. The<br />
individual is currently interned in the Puerto Montt Hospital Base<br />
according to details from Radio Bio Bio. According to reports, the<br />
individual is stable and up to now help by mechanical respiration has<br />
not been necessary.<br />
<br />
Health authorities in the area are carrying out rigorous procedures<br />
to establish the place were the infection occurred and establish if<br />
there are other infected people.<br />
<br />
--<br />
Communicated by:<br />
HealthMap Alerts via ProMED-mail<br />
<promed@promedmail.org><br />
<br />
[The most likely hantavirus involved in this case and the following<br />
one, below, is Andes virus.<br />
<br />
An image of the long-tailed pygmy rice rat (_Oligoryzomys<br />
longicaudatus_), the sigmodontine rodent host of Andes hantavirus, can<br />
be seen at<br />
<http://www.bios.niu.edu/frayjorge/rod6.jpg>.<br />
<br />
The regions of Chile can be seen on the map at<br />
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Chile>.<br />
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Chile showing the Los<br />
Lagos region can be accessed at<br />
<http://healthmap.org/r/01eq> - Mod.TY]<br />
<br />
******<br />
[3] Chile (Araucania)<br />
Date: Mon 25 Apr 2011<br />
Source: El Austral [in Spanish, trans. & summ, Mod.TY, edited]<br />
<http://www.australtemuco.cl/prontus4_noticias/site/artic/20110425/pags/20110425003305.html><br />
<br />
<br />
A new victim was hit by hantavirus [infection] in La Araucania.<br />
Saturday afternoon [23 Apr 2011] a young woman of just 19 years died<br />
in the [Valdivia] Regional Hospital suspected of having the disease.<br />
On Thursday [21 Apr 2011] she came to the [Temuco] regional medical<br />
center with a serious respiratory picture, coming from a rural area in<br />
Melipeuco. The patient was connected to a mechanical respirator and<br />
the rapid test [for a hantavirus infection] was positive; this would<br />
be the 4th fatal victim of the virus in La Araucania.<br />
<br />
According to the Health SEREMI [Regional Ministerial Secretariat of<br />
Health], Gloria Rodriguez, [later, the patient] was admitted to the<br />
intensive care unit of the Temuco Hospital. Although the rapid test<br />
was positive, the SERMI said that they awaited confirmation from the<br />
Institute of Public Health [ISP], the results of which would be<br />
available this week. "We have information that this concerns the young<br />
woman from a rural area in Melipeuco, which would be suspicious of [a]<br />
hantavirus [infection], but this week we sent sample to the ISP and<br />
began visits to to the place where she had been infected and<br />
interviewed the family.<br />
<br />
According to the information provided by SEREMI, if the tests are<br />
positive, this would be the 3rd fatal case due to [a] hantavirus<br />
infection in the region just this year [2011]. However, this would be<br />
the 4th person affected by the virus, given that one survived.<br />
<br />
As for these infections, SERMI indicated that since we are in autumn,<br />
it is important that the families take necessary precautions,<br />
especially in rural areas that the long-tailed [pygmy] rat inhabits.<br />
"Despite the fact that the disease is more frequent in summer, it is<br />
important to also take into account the measures in this season and in<br />
winter, above all when there are colonies of these rats [in<br />
buildings]," she said. It is important to avoid entry of these rats,<br />
keep houses clean, garbage in sealed, covered containers and control<br />
rats outside of houses. Also, it is important to not camp near high<br />
risk areas.<br />
<br />
[Byline: Tania Marquez]<br />
<br />
--<br />
Communicated by:<br />
HealthMap Alerts vis ProMED-mail<br />
<promed@promedmail.org><br />
<br />
[A map showing the location of the Araucania region of Chile can be<br />
accessed at<br />
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araucan%C3%ADa_Region><br />
and Melipeuco in that region at<br />
<http://healthmap.org/r/0MHN> - Mod.TY]<br />
<br />
******<br />
[4] USA (Montana)<br />
Date: Mon 25 Apr 2011<br />
Source: The Republic [edited]<br />
<http://www.therepublic.com/view/story/5a03046eef7e48fcb71117abdf34a830/MT--Hantavirus-Death/><br />
<br />
<br />
Park County health officials say a 46-year-old Livingston-area woman<br />
has died of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Coroner Al Jenkins tells<br />
the Livingston Enterprise that the woman died on 8 Apr [2011] while<br />
she was being transported to a Billings hospital. The woman had<br />
visited Park Clinic on 7 Apr [2011] with symptoms including a high<br />
fever, muscle fatigue and an extreme headache. She checked into the<br />
emergency room the next day also suffering from shortness of breath<br />
and extreme congestion.<br />
<br />
[Sin Nombre] hantavirus can be contracted through inhaling the<br />
droppings or urine of deer mice [_Peromyscus maniculatus_] or touching<br />
the droppings or urine and then touching one's eyes, nose or mouth.<br />
<br />
--<br />
Communicated by:<br />
Tony Schountz, Ph.D.<br />
Associate Professor of Microbiology<br />
School of Biological Sciences<br />
University of Northern Colorado<br />
501 20th Street<br />
Greeley, CO 80639<br />
<tony.schountz@unco.edu><br />
<br />
<br />
[These types of report usually do not indicate which hantavirus is<br />
involved. In fact, there are many, several capable of causing<br />
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. The virus involved in this fatal case<br />
is most likely Sin Nombre virus.<br />
<br />
An image of _Peromyscus maniculatus_, the rodent host of Sin Nombre<br />
virus, can be accessed at<br />
<http://share3.esd105.wednet.edu/rsandelin/Fieldguide/Animalpages/Mammals/Land%20mammals.htm#Deer_mouse>.<br />
<br />
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of the USA showing the<br />
location of Montana can be accessed at<br />
<http://healthmap.org/r/0194> and Park county in Montana at<br />
<http://healthmap.org/r/0MHI> - Mod.TY]<br />
<br />
[see also:<br />
Hantavirus update 2011 - Americas (23): USA, Chile 20110422.1265<br />
Hantavirus update 2011 - Americas (21): Chile (BI), USA (CO)<br />
20110409.1105<br />
Hantavirus update 2011 - Americas (08): Argentina (SA) susp.<br />
20110228.0662<br />
2010<br />
----<br />
Hantavirus update 2010 - Americas (41): Argentina (BA) 20101231.4614<br />
Hantavirus update 2010 - Americas (40): Chile, French Guiana<br />
20101224.4542<br />
Hantavirus update 2010 - Americas (36): USA (CO) 20101101.3955]<br />
.................................................jw/ty/ejp/jw<br />
*##########################################################*<br />
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thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in<br />
using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID<br />
and its associated service providers shall not be held<br />
responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any<br />
damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted<br />
or archived material.<br />
************************************************************<br />
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############################################################Mz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-44085733644641071472011-04-19T12:21:00.000-04:002011-04-19T12:22:02.225-04:00EQUINE HERPESVIRUS, EQUINE - USA (06): (NEW JERSEY)EQUINE HERPESVIRUS, EQUINE - USA (06): (NEW JERSEY)<br /><br />***************************************************<br />A ProMED-mail post<br /><http://www.promedmail.org><br />ProMED-mail is a program of the<br />International Society for Infectious Diseases<br /><http://www.isid.org><br /><br />Date: Fri 15 Apr 2011<br />Source: newjerseynewsroom.com [edited]<br /><http://www.newjerseynewsroom.com/state/second-monmouth-county-horse-farm-quarantined-amid-equine-herpes-outbreak><br /><br /><br />2nd Monmouth County horse farm quarantined amid equine herpes<br />outbreak<br />----------------------------------------------------------------------<br />Tourelay Farm and Overbrook Farm see activity restricted for 3<br />weeks.<br /><br />A 2nd horse farm in Colts Neck, Monmouth County, has been quarantined<br />as part of a state Department of Agriculture [NJDA] investigation into<br />an outbreak of the neurologic form of equine herpesvirus, type 1<br />(EHV-1) that has led to the death of 1 horse and sickened 5 others.<br /><br />The disease was discovered on Wednesday [13 Apr 2011) by a private<br />veterinarian treating a sick horse at the 1st farm, Overbrook Farm.<br />The filly was euthanized by the veterinarian after it failed to<br />respond to treatment. 5 other Overbrook Farm horses are recovering<br />from the illnesses.<br /><br />The Agriculture Department's tracing activities at Overbrook Farm to<br />determine the extent of the outbreak led to Friday's [15 Apr 2011]<br />quarantine of Tourelay Farm but no sick horses have been reported<br />there.<br /><br />Overbrook Farm was quarantined Thursday (14 Apr 2011), meaning horse<br />movement on and off the property has ceased and only essential farm<br />personnel are allowed access to limit the spread of the virus. While<br />the disease is not dangerous to humans, personnel must utilize<br />biosecurity measures, such as disinfectant foot baths, coveralls,<br />disposable gloves, hand washing and disinfectant hand gels, and<br />non-sharing of tack between horses.<br /><br />The Overbrook Farm and Tourelay Farm quarantines are expected to last<br />21 days, unless more horses become ill. All quarantines are based on<br />risk assessment.<br /><br />The Agriculture Department has been in contact with Colts Neck<br />Township officials to keep them informed of the efforts to contain the<br />virus and protect animals.<br /><br />The EHV-1 virus spreads quickly from horse to horse, has a high<br />morbidity, and can cause a wide range of clinical signs, from a<br />complete lack of clinical signs to respiratory problems, especially in<br />young horses, and spontaneous abortions in pregnant mares. The<br />neurologic form of EHV-1, additionally, can cause an acute paralytic<br />syndrome, which results in a high mortality. The incubation period of<br />EHV-1 is typically 2 to 10 days. The virus spreads readily through<br />direct contact with infected materials.<br /><br />The virus does not affect other domestic animals, with the exception<br />of llamas and alpacas.<br /><br />Concerned owners should consult their veterinarian prior to taking<br />any action as the clinical signs of infection with the neurological<br />form of EHV-1 are common to many other diseases. The neurologic form<br />of EHV is a reportable disease in New Jersey.<br /><br />More information about the disease, in PDF format, is available at<br /><http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/ah/pdf/equine_herpesvirus_brochure_2009.pdf>.<br /><br />If an owner has a horse that is exhibiting neurologic signs or<br />suspects equine herpes, they are directed to call their veterinarian<br />immediately.<br /><br />The NJDA Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory provides testing for the<br />neurologic form of EHV-1. For more information for to<br /><http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/ah/prog/lab.html>.<br /><br />[byline: Tom Hester Sr]<br /><br />--<br />communicated by:<br />ProMED-mail<br /><promed@promedmail.org><br /><br />[The websites provided within the article are very helpful and<br />thorough. - Mod.TG<br /><br />New Jersey can be located on the HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive<br />map at <http://healthmap.org/r/0ITB>. Monmouth County can be seen on<br />the map at<br /><http://www.digital-topo-maps.com/county-map/new-jersey.shtml>. -<br />Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]<br /><br />[see also:<br />Equine herpesvirus, equine - USA (05): (NY) quarantine lifted<br />20110417.1201<br />Equine herpesvirus, equine - USA (04): (NY) Cornell U 20110407.1083<br />Equine herpesvirus, equine - USA (03): (NY) Cornell U 20110405.1057<br />Equine herpesvirus, equine - USA (02): (NY) Cornell U, RFI<br />20110403.1038<br />Equine herpesvirus, equine - USA: (NY) Cornell University<br />20110402.1021<br />2010<br />---<br />Equine herpesvirus - USA (04): (NY) 20101129.4286<br />Equine herpesvirus - USA (03): (NJ) 20100408.1131<br />Equine herpesvirus - USA (02): (NJ) susp. 20100403.1071<br />Equine herpesvirus - USA: (LA) 20100101.0016]<br />.................................................tg/mj/sh<br />*##########################################################*<br />************************************************************<br />ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that<br />are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the<br />information, and of any statements or opinions based<br />thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in<br />using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID<br />and its associated service providers shall not be held<br />responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any<br />damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted<br />or archived material.<br />************************************************************<br />Donate to ProMED-mail. Details available at:<br /><http://www.isid.org/ProMEDMail_Donations.shtml><br />************************************************************<br />Visit ProMED-mail's web site at <http://www.promedmail.org>.<br />Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to<br />an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name<br />name and affiliation, it may not be posted. You may unsub-<br />scribe at <http://www.isid.org/promedmail/subscribe.lasso>.<br />For assistance from a human being, send mail to:<br /><postmaster@promedmail.org>.<br />############################################################<br />############################################################Mz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-71099411001828863472011-04-19T04:32:00.001-04:002011-04-19T04:32:49.143-04:00DENGUE/DHF UPDATE 2011 (16)***************************<br />A ProMED-mail post<br /><http://www.promedmail.org><br />ProMED-mail is a program of the<br />International Society for Infectious Diseases<br /><http://www.isid.org><br /><br />In this update:<br />[1] Bolivia (Santa Cruz, Beni, La Paz)<br />[2] Cases in various countries:<br />Brazil (Paraibo)<br />Brazil (Rio de Janeiro state)<br />Brazil (Ceara)<br />Brazil (Alagoas)<br />Brazil (Sao Paulo state)<br />Brazil (Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo state)<br />Brazil (Campinas, Sao Paulo state)<br />Brazil (Sorocaba, Sao Paulo state)<br />Brazil (Parana)<br />Paraguay (Health Regions IX and XII)<br />Paraguay (national)<br />Argentina (Chaco)<br />Maldives<br />Barbados<br />USA (Maui, Hawaii)<br /><br />******<br />[1] Bolivia (Santa Cruz, Beni, La Paz)<br />Date: Tue 12 Apr 2011<br />From: Juan Saavedra Quintanilla <jsquinta@intramed.net> [in Spanish,<br />trans. Mod.TY, edited]<br /><br /><br />Up to 8 Apr [2011] (13th epidemiological week), 11 341 probable<br />dengue cases have been reported, with 2280 confirmed and 27 deaths.<br />These numbers exceed the total numbers of dengue cases of 2010, which<br />were more than 9000 cases.<br /><br />The departments [state or province equivalent] most affected are<br />Santa Cruz de la Sierra with 5727 probable cases, 1404 confirmed cases<br />and 11 deaths; Beni with 3269 probable cases, 314 confirmed cases and<br />14 deaths, and La Paz reports 993 probable cases, 308 confirmed cases<br />and one death.<br /><br />More than 80 per cent are due to [dengue virus] serotype 2 and the<br />rest for serotypes 1 and 3. In the Caja Petrolera de Salud (Santa<br />Cruz) Hospital, more than 80 per cent of admitted patients have a<br />positive tourniquet test, minor mucosal bleeding, thrombocytopenia and<br />ascites, vascular wall edema and/or plural leakage as a manifestation<br />of increased capillary permeability. According to the WHO<br />classification, this corresponds with DHF grades I and II; more than<br />50 per cent have elevated transaminases, and about 75 per cent of the<br />admitted patients indicate that this is their 1st dengue episode.<br /><br />Vector control and other measures are being intensified to deal with<br />this [situation].<br /><br />--<br />Dr Juan Saavedra Quintanilla<br />Jefe Servicio Infectologia<br />Caja Petrolera de Salud<br />Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia<br /><jsquinta@intramed.net><br /><br />[ProMED-mail thanks Dr Saavedra for this firsthand report of the<br />dengue outbreak in Santa Cruz and La Paz departments. One hopes that<br />this epidemic in the Santa Cruz department is not as severe as ones in<br />the recent past, which have filled hospital beds there and overtaxed<br />health care systems.<br /><br />A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Bolivia showing the<br />location of Santa Cruz department can be accessed at<br /><http://healthmap.org/r/018Q>. A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map showing the<br />location of the Beni department can be accessed at<br /><http://healthmap.org/r/0Ipx>. A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map<br />of Bolivia showing the location of La Paz department can be accessed<br />at <http://healthmap.org/r/0uZn>. - Mod.TY]<br /><br />******<br />[2] Cases in various countries:<br /><br />- Brazil (Paraiba). 13 Apr 2011. The director of epidemiological<br />surveillance of the Joao Pessoa municipality indicated in a new<br />bulletin that there is an increase in the number of dengue cases.<br /><br />Joao Pessoa has a total of 893 reported dengue cases, which<br />represents an increase of 249 cases in 15 days. Confirmed cases of<br />classical dengue fever from (type 1 [virus]) increased from 126 to 199<br />in the past 2 weeks. There is an alert situation in the capital with a<br />current incidence of 113 cases per 100 000 population; this is not<br />characterized as an epidemic.<br /><http://www.pbagora.com.br/conteudo.php?id=20110413093332&cat=saude&keys=casos-dengue-aumentam-proximidades-ufpb><br />in Portuguese, trans. Mod.TY.<br /><br />[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Brazil showing the<br />location of Paraiba state can be accessed at<br /><http://healthmap.org/r/0Eiv>. - Mod.TY]<br /><br />- Brazil (Rio de Janeiro state). 14 Apr 2011. Almost 20 per cent of<br />Rio de Janeiro state is having a dengue epidemic. According to the<br />statement issued yesterday [13 Apr 2011] by the state Secretariat of<br />Health, residents in 17 municipalities run the risk of being hit by<br />the disease. There are 3 more cities [at risk] than last week, when 14<br />faced this situation. The bulletin also stated that since January<br />[2011], 35 dengue deaths were confirmed, most in the capital, with 11<br />deaths. The Rio [de Janeiro] municipality is not under an epidemic,<br />but the situation is complicated. According to the bulletin, of the 45<br />489 [dengue] cases reported in 2011 [in the state], 48 per cent are<br />concentrated in the capital.<br /><http://odia.terra.com.br/portal/cienciaesaude/html/2011/4/epidemia_de_dengue<br />_em_17_municipios_157709.html> in Portuguese, trans. Mod.TY.<br /><br />[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Brazil showing the<br />location of Rio de Janeiro state can be accessed at<br /><http://healthmap.org/r/0yF*>. - Mod.TY]<br /><br />- Brazil (Ceara). 16 Apr 2011. In all of Ceara, the number of<br />confirmed dengue cases has reached 11 807. There are more than 1000<br />cases confirmed in this past week. One case was confirmed as dengue<br />[virus] type 4. In 2010, there were 13 196 dengue cases in the state.<br />The number of dengue deaths increases each week in Ceara. This past<br />week, 3 deaths were confirmed, and now there are 25 deaths due to the<br />disease with 38 still under investigation.<br /><http://www.opovo.com.br/app/opovo/fortaleza/2011/04/16/noticiafortalezajornal,2128062/numero-de-mortes-ja-supera-registro-da-ultima-epidemia.shtml><br />in Portuguese, trans. Mod.TY.<br /><br />[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Brazil showing the<br />location of Ceara state can be accessed at<br /><http://healthmap.org/r/00Sq>. - Mod.TY]<br /><br />- Brazil (Alagoas). 13 Apr 2011. In the last 3 months [January<br />through March 2011], Alagoas registered 6240 fewer dengue cases than<br />in the same period last year [2010], representing a decrease of 70 per<br />cent. During the same period of 2010, 9672 [dengue] cases were<br />registered, whereas between 1 Jan - 2 Apr [2011], there were 3432<br />cases. <http://www.alagoas24horas.com.br/conteudo/?vCod=103243> in<br />Portuguese, trans. Mod.TY.<br /><br />[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Brazil showing the<br />location of Alagoas state can be accessed at<br /><http://healthmap.org/r/0C6D>. - Mod.TY]<br /><br />- Brazil (Sao Paulo state). 12 Apr 2011. The Sao Paulo state<br />Secretariat of Health confirmed 10 cases of dengue [virus] type 4<br />[infections] in the state as of this Monday [11 Apr 2011]. According<br />to this agency, the cases are concentrated in the Sao Jose do Rio<br />Preto region (438 km [272 mi] from Sao Paulo city).<br /><http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/cotidiano/901803-sao-paulo-registra-dez-casos-de-dengue-tipo-4.shtml><br />in Portuguese, trans. Mod.TY]<br /><br />[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Brazil showing the<br />location of Sao Paulo state can be accessed at<br /><http://healthmap.org/r/0083>. - Mod.TY]<br /><br />- Brazil (Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo state). 13 Apr 2011. Ribeirao<br />Preto confirmed an additional 853 dengue cases this past week. The<br />city now has 8256 confirmed cases of the disease, according to the<br />bulletin issued by the Secretariat of Health this Wednesday (13 [Apr<br />2011]). The city is undergoing a [dengue] epidemic. Despite these<br />large numbers, there has been a decline in relation to last year<br />[2010], when almost 14 000 cases were registered up to the last week<br />of March 2010. In all of 2010, the city had 30 000 cases with 9<br />deaths. This year [2011], the city has one confirmed [dengue] death,<br />in January 2011. Another 2 [deaths] are under investigation.<br /><http://www.jornalacidade.com.br/editorias/cidades/2011/04/13/ribeirao-preto-tem-8256-casos-de-dengue-confirmados.html><br />in Portuguese, trans. Mod.TY.<br /><br />[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Brazil showing the<br />location of Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo state can be accessed at<br /><http://healthmap.org/r/0IpF>. - Mod.TY]<br /><br />- Brazil (Campinas, Sao Paulo state). 13 Apr 2011. In just 15 days,<br />the number of confirmed dengue cases climbed 17 per cent, going from<br />480 people with the disease to 562. According to data from the<br />[health] office, 4 people had complications from the disease, and<br />another 3 presented with DHF symptoms. No deaths have been registered.<br /><http://www.band.com.br/jornalismo/saude/conteudo.asp?ID=100000420673><br />in Portuguese, trans. Mod.TY.<br /><br />[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Brazil showing the<br />location of Campinas, Sao Paulo state can be accessed at<br /><http://healthmap.org/r/0Eix>. - Mod.TY]<br /><br />- Brazil (Sorocaba, Sao Paulo state). 11 Apr 2011. As of the end of<br />this weekend, the number of confirmed dengue cases in Sorocaba totaled<br />609, according to a bulletin issued by the municipal Secretariat of<br />Health. Of this total, 583 are patients who contracted the disease in<br />the city, and 26 were imported [from elsewhere].<br /><http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,sorocaba-sp-tem-609-casos-e-teme-epidemia-de-dengue,704893,0.htm><br />in Portuguese, trans. Mod TY.<br /><br />[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Brazil showing the<br />location of Sorocaba, Sao Paulo state can be accessed at<br /><http://healthmap.org/r/0yFX>. - Mod.TY]<br /><br />- Brazil (Parana). 10 Apr 2011. The number of confirmed dengue cases<br />in health area 10 have reached 393, but according to information from<br />this agency, the total could exceed 400, once laboratory results for<br />181 [more cases] become available.<br /><http://www.cgn.inf.br/?system=news&action=read&id=132577> in<br />Portuguese, trans. Mod.TY.<br /><br />[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Brazil showing the<br />location of Parana state can be accessed at<br /><http://healthmap.org/r/00CC>. - Mod.TY]<br /><br />- Paraguay (Health Regions IX and XII). 17 Apr 2011. According to<br />Health Region XII, 24 dengue cases have been confirmed. The region was<br />considered practically free of the disease up until the present.<br />Health Region IX yesterday [16 Apr 2011] registered 250 positive<br />dengue cases, with another 150 with samples awaiting [test results].<br /><http://www.abc.com.py/nota/epidemia-se-extiende-tambien-en-el-sur/><br />in Spanish, trans. Mod.TY.<br /><br />[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Paraguay can be accessed<br />at <http://healthmap.org/r/00aS>. - Mod TY]<br /><br />- Paraguay (national). 16 Apr 2011. The minister of public health and<br />social welfare, Esperanza Martinez, admitted that this is the worst<br />dengue epidemic in the history of this South American country. From<br />January 2011 to the present, 26 792 people with febrile syndromes have<br />been registered, and the reported incidence rate has increased to 157<br />cases per 100 000 population. Ivan Allende, director of health<br />surveillance, stated to reporters that there are 62 deaths associated<br />with the disease, of which 30 were confirmed, 13 were discarded, and<br />another 19 continue under investigation. Allende stated that the<br />greatest outbreaks were in Asuncion and its metropolitan area, and the<br />serious situation will continue for another 2 or 3 weeks more.<br /><http://www.prensa-latina.cu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=281010&Itemid=1><br />in Spanish, trans. Mod.TY.<br /><br />- Argentina (Chaco). 16 Apr 2011. The minister of health, Francisco<br />Baquero, indicated that to date Chaco registered 5 confirmed cases and<br />7 probable cases of dengue fever, and there are another 5 under study.<br />The patients with confirmed diagnoses were released [from health care]<br />and are in perfect condition. There is concern in Choco because of the<br />serious epidemics in the neighboring countries of Paraguay, Brazil and<br />Bolivia. <http://www.chacodiapordia.com/noticia.php?n=52624> in<br />Spanish, trans. Mod.TY.<br /><br />[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Argentina showing the<br />location of Chaco province can be accessed at<br /><http://healthmap.org/r/00d2>. - Mod.TY]<br /><br />- Saudi Arabia (Jeddah). 16 Apr 2011. There have been 26 suspected<br />cases of dengue fever since the floods, 6 of which were confirmed,<br />Sami Badawood, director of health affairs in Jeddah, said in a phone<br />interview<br /><http://biomedme.com/biomed-business-middle-east/saudi-health-ministry-confirms-dengue-malaria-cases-in-jeddah.shtml>.<br /><br />[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Saudi Arabia showing the<br />location of Jeddah can be accessed at <http://healthmap.org/r/0IpG>. -<br />Mod.TY]<br /><br />- Maldives. 12 Apr 2011. The Maldives is battling a growing epidemic<br />of dengue fever which is believed to have contributed to the deaths of<br />at least 5 people this year [2011]. More than 300 cases were reported<br />in the 1st 2 months of 2011, compared with 737 cases and 2 fatalities<br />reported last year [2010]. The more serious cases have<br />disproportionately affected children.<br /><http://minivannews.com/society/maldives-grapples-with-difficult-dengue-outbreak-18733>.<br /><br />[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of the<br />Maldive Islands in the Indian Ocean can be accessed at<br /><http://healthmap.org/r/0IpH>. - Mod.TY]<br /><br />- Barbados. 11 Apr 2011. A recent release issued by the Ministry of<br />Health has revealed that over the 1st 9 weeks of this year [2011], 135<br />cases of dengue fever were confirmed by laboratory testing, and one<br />death was recorded. The ministry also revealed that 570 cases of<br />dengue fever and 4 deaths were recorded in 2010. This compares with<br />2008 when, during the 1st 9 weeks of the year, 2 deaths were verified,<br />and 212 cases were documented, following an epidemic in 2007<br /><http://www.caribbean360.com/index.php/news/barbados_news/332027.html#axzz1JKYIjYC3>.<br /><br /><br />[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of<br />Barbados in the Caribbean can be accessed at<br /><http://healthmap.org/r/0IpI>. - Mod.TY]<br /><br />- USA (Maui, Hawaii). 13 Apr 2011. Three new cases of dengue fever<br />are suspected in Hana, along with a possible case in Haliimaile and an<br />additional 2 or 3 Upcountry, according to health officials. Maui<br />district health officer Dr Lorrin Pang also said at least one of 2<br />cases previously suspected in Keanae has been confirmed by a<br />laboratory in Hawaii, although he was still waiting for official<br />verification from a Center for Disease Control lab in Puerto Rico<br /><http://www.mauinews.com/page/content.detail/id/548304.html>.<br /><br />[David Duffy <dduffy@hawaii.edu> has reminded us that Hana was the<br />focus of the 2001 outbreak, very wet and rural on the windward side.<br />Haliimaile is near the Kahului Airport in dry sugar cane country on<br />the leeward side.<br /><br />A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of the USA showing the<br />location of Maui in Hawaii state can be accessed at<br /><http://healthmap.org/r/0IpJ>. - Mod.TY]<br /><br />[see also:<br />Dengue/DHF update 2011 (15) 20110411.1146<br />Dengue/DHF update 2011 (12) 20110325.0938<br />Dengue/DHF update 2011 (10) 20110306.0743<br />2010<br />---<br />Dengue/DHF update 2010 (53) 20101018.3777<br />Dengue/DHF update 2010 (38) 20100727.2520<br />---<br />Dengue - USA (Hawaii) (04) 20011006.2424<br />Dengue - USA (Hawaii) 20010922.2296]<br />.................................................sb/lm/ty/msp/sh<br />*##########################################################*<br />************************************************************<br />ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that<br />are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the<br />information, and of any statements or opinions based<br />thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in<br />using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID<br />and its associated service providers shall not be held<br />responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any<br />damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted<br />or archived material.<br />************************************************************<br />Donate to ProMED-mail. Details available at:<br /><http://www.isid.org/ProMEDMail_Donations.shtml><br />************************************************************<br />Visit ProMED-mail's web site at <http://www.promedmail.org>.<br />Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to<br />an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name<br />name and affiliation, it may not be posted. You may unsub-<br />scribe at <http://www.isid.org/promedmail/subscribe.lasso>.<br />For assistance from a human being, send mail to:<br /><postmaster@promedmail.org>.<br />############################################################<br />############################################################Mz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-39987074473050207892011-04-17T09:13:00.001-04:002011-04-17T09:13:59.788-04:00AVIAN INFLUENZA, (LPAI) POULTRY - USA (03): (NEBRASKA)******************************************************<br />A ProMED-mail post<br /><http://www.promedmail.org><br />ProMED-mail is a program of the<br />International Society for Infectious Diseases<br /><http://www.isid.org><br /><br />Date: 14 Apr 2011<br />Source: US AG Net [edited]<br /><http://www.usagnet.com/state_headlines/state_story.php?tble=NE2011&ID=272><br /><br /><br />NDA Quarantines Backyard Flocks Due to Low Path Avian Flu<br />---------------------------------------------------------<br />State Veterinarian Dr. Dennis Hughes has placed several backyard<br />mixed bird flocks under quarantine after receiving confirmation of a<br />case of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) in a backyard flock in<br />Eastern Nebraska. A Nebraska Department of Agriculture (NDA) Bureau of<br />Animal Industry staff member detected the LPAI case through routine<br />testing conducted at a recent exotic bird sale.<br /><br />"Low path avian influenza commonly occurs in wild birds, and so we<br />conduct routine testing of backyard flocks because those flocks often<br />are exposed to the outdoors," Hughes said. "Upon confirmation of the<br />LPAI case, we quickly determined where the birds originated from and<br />where the birds were dispersed to through the exotic bird sale. We<br />have no reason to believe this case is anything other than an isolated<br />incident."<br /><br />"This is low-path Avian Influenza which isn't usually a human health<br />concern," said Dr. Joann Schaefer, the state's Chief Medical Officer<br />and Director of Public Health for the Nebraska Department of Health<br />and Human Services. "Low-path avian influenza is very different than<br />the high-path (H5N1) avian influenza that continues to circulate<br />overseas and is a cause for concern."<br /><br />The backyard flock in which the LPAI was discovered (the initial<br />flock) has been quarantined and will be depopulated based on United<br />States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health<br />Inspection Service (APHIS) protocol. Hughes said owners of 5<br />additional backyard flocks in Eastern Nebraska purchased birds from<br />the initial flock at the exotic bird sale. So far, 5 of these flocks<br />tested positive for LPAI and also will be depopulated. Backyard flocks<br />that are within a 2-mile radius of the 3 infected flocks currently are<br />being quarantined and will undergo testing.<br /><br />"A backyard flock typically consists of hobby birds, show birds or<br />birds used for personal consumption," said Susan Joy, the general<br />manager of Nebraska Poultry Industries.<br /><br />NDA encourages all backyard flock producers to follow biosecurity<br />measures on their operations, including: requiring individuals to wash<br />their hands before and after contact with birds; avoid contact with<br />neighbors' birds; and disinfect boots and change clothes that come<br />into contact with birds other than your own.<br /><br />NDA conducts avian influenza testing as part of a cooperative<br />agreement with the United States Department of Agriculture. Producers<br />who are interested in having their flocks tested, free of charge, can<br />call the NDA.<br /><br />Additional information about avian influenza, NDA's testing program,<br />and biosecurity measures can be viewed at <http://www.agr.ne.gov>.<br /><br />--<br />Communicated by:<br />HealthMap Alerts via ProMED-mail<br /><promed@promedmail.org><br /><br />[This article does not tell us what strain of avian influenza was<br />found. Not all low pathogenic strains are reportable to the OIE.<br />This article mentions exotic bird sale. This may mean it is a swap<br />meet where a variety birds are traded, sold, exchanged in a community<br />market situation.<br /><br />There will likely be an investigation to determine how many birds may<br />have the disease and how far they may have been transported.<br /><br />ProMED-mail would be grateful if the Nebraska officials or USDA<br />officials would publish which strain of avian influenza this was. -<br />Mod.TG]<br /><br />[see also:<br />Avian influenza (LPAI), poultry - USA (02): (MO) 20110402.1025<br />Avian influenza (LPAI), poultry - USA: (MO) - H7, OIE 20110402.1019<br />2009<br />----<br />Avian influenza (LPAI), poultry - USA (05): (TN) 20090514.1810<br />Avian influenza (LPAI), poultry - USA (04): (TN) 20090512.1773<br />Avian influenza (LPAI), poultry - USA (03): (TN) 20090505.1682<br />Avian influenza (LPAI), poultry - USA (02): (KY), H7N9<br />20090408.1361<br />Avian influenza (LPAI), poultry - USA (KY): H7 20090405.1314<br />2008<br />----<br />Avian influenza (72): USA (AR), LPAI H7 20080604.1782<br />Avian influenza H7 - North America: human receptor 20080527.1728<br />2006<br />----<br />Avian influenza - USA (NJ): LPAI susp. 20060430.1257<br />2004<br />----<br />Avian influenza, H7, poultry - USA (DE, MD) 20040412.0993<br />Avian influenza, poultry, H7 - USA (MD) (02) 20040309.0665]<br />.................................................sb/tg/ejp/lm<br />*##########################################################*<br />************************************************************<br />ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that<br />are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the<br />information, and of any statements or opinions based<br />thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in<br />using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID<br />and its associated service providers shall not be held<br />responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any<br />damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted<br />or archived material.<br />************************************************************<br />Donate to ProMED-mail. Details available at:<br /><http://www.isid.org/ProMEDMail_Donations.shtml><br />************************************************************<br />Visit ProMED-mail's web site at <http://www.promedmail.org>.<br />Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to<br />an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name<br />name and affiliation, it may not be posted. You may unsub-<br />scribe at <http://www.isid.org/promedmail/subscribe.lasso>.<br />For assistance from a human being, send mail to:<br /><postmaster@promedmail.org>.<br />############################################################<br />############################################################Mz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8284413484595728805.post-33533168630689057772011-04-16T00:27:00.000-04:002011-04-16T00:28:48.705-04:00HANTAVIRUS UPDATE 2011 - AMERICAS (22): PANAMA (VERAGUAS)A very popular bio-weapon but spread here blamed on rodents (of course)<br /><br />*********************************************************<br />A ProMED-mail post<br /><http://www.promedmail.org><br />ProMED-mail is a program of the<br />International Society for Infectious Diseases<br /><http://www.isid.org><br /><br />Date: Mon 11 Apr 2011<br />Source: La Estrella, Panama [in Spanish, transl. Mod.TY, edited]<br /><http://www.laestrella.com.pa/online/noticias/2011/04/11/hombre_muere_contagiado_por_virus_hanta_en_panama.asp><br /><br /><br />[Health] Authorities in Panama today [11 Apr 2011] noted that the<br />death of a man in Santiago, Veraguas province, 250 km [155 miles] west<br />of Panama City, was due to [a] hantavirus [infection]. According to<br />the Regional Director of the Ministry of Health, Maria del Pilar<br />Pelaez, the patient died this weekend after being admitted in critical<br />condition of the Luis Chicho Fabrega Hospital in Santiago.<br /><br />This official indicated that, due to this situation, an<br />epidemiological barrier was established in the area where the victim<br />lived to impede the spread of the [this] hantavirus in the province.<br />The 30-year-old young man, who the authorities did not identify, was a<br />driver who was involved in transportation of grain, circumstances<br />under which he we was infected by this fatal virus.<br /><br />In this country [Panama], since the appearance of the 1st case in<br />1999 up to the present, about 150 cases have been registered, of which<br />30 people have died. Panamanian [health] authorities constantly carry<br />out fumigation campaigns and educational talks to make people aware of<br />the dangers of rodents as main transmitters of this fatal disease<br />[virus].<br /><br />--<br />Communicated by:<br />ProMED-ESP<br /><promed@promedmail.org><br /><br />[One wonders if fumigation was used as the rodent control measure,<br />rather than rodent poisons in other forms. Although not stated in this<br />report, in Panama, the hantavirus most likely to be the etiological<br />agent in this case is Choclo virus. As mentioned in ProMED-mail<br />archive number 20081027.3389, hantaviruses (and their rodent hosts)<br />recognized in Panama include Rio Segundo (_Reithrodontomys<br />mexicanus_), Choclo (_Oligoryzomys fulvescens (costaricensis)_), and<br />Calabazo (_Zygodontomys brevicauda (cherriei)_). Of these 3 viruses,<br />only Choclo is a known human pathogen, causing hantavirus pulmonary<br />syndrome, which can have a high case fatality rate especially when<br />victims come to hospital late in the course of their disease, as with<br />the situation with this case.<br /><br />A photograph of the pygmy rice rat (_Oligoryzomys fulvescens_) can be<br />accessed at<br /><http://www.medwave.cl/medios/perspectivas/Hantavirus/Actualiz/Fig2.jpg>.<br /><br />The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Panama showing the<br />location of Veraguas province can be accessed at<br /><http://healthmap.org/r/0HQs>. - Mod.TY]<br /><br />[see also:<br />2010<br />----<br />Hantavirus update 2010 - Americas (28): Panama, susp. 20100707.2259<br />Hantavirus update 2010 - Americas (22): Panama, Brazil<br />20100502.1430<br />Hantavirus update 2010 - Americas (11): Panama (HE, CC, PN)<br />20100305.0732<br />Hantavirus update 2010 - Americas (09): Panama (LS) 20100226.0638<br />Hantavirus update 2010 - Americas (08): Panama (HE) 20100216.0547]<br />.................................................sb/lm/ty/ejp/lm<br />*##########################################################*<br />************************************************************<br />ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that<br />are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the<br />information, and of any statements or opinions based<br />thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in<br />using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID<br />and its associated service providers shall not be held<br />responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any<br />damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted<br />or archived material.<br />************************************************************<br />Donate to ProMED-mail. Details available at:<br /><http://www.isid.org/ProMEDMail_Donations.shtml><br />************************************************************<br />Visit ProMED-mail's web site at <http://www.promedmail.org>.<br />Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to<br />an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name<br />name and affiliation, it may not be posted. You may unsub-<br />scribe at <http://www.isid.org/promedmail/subscribe.lasso>.<br />For assistance from a human being, send mail to:<br /><postmaster@promedmail.org>.<br />############################################################<br />############################################################Mz.Many Nameshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03024590325712635526noreply@blogger.com0